Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36(3): May 2010 103 Table 1. Elm species, hybrids, and cultivars evaluated for insect resistance in Lexington, KY, 2006–2009, with geographical origins and selected leaf characteristics. Species or parentage Cultivar name U. americana Valley Forge Princeton Jefferson New Harmony Lewis & Clark U. parvifolia Prairie Expedition Emer II Allee Athena Classic Lacebark Everclear Lacebark U. propinqua (JFS Bierberich) U. wilsoniana U. pumila × japonica U. japonica × wilsoniana U. pumila × japonica × pumila × wilsoniana U. glabra × carp. × pumila × wilson. U. carp. × U. parvifolia U. glabra × carp. × pumila U. glabra × carpinifolia z Pioneer PI E×E 11±1 48±5 0/1 Pubescence rating: 0 = glabrous; 1 = a few sparse trichomes; 2, 3, 4 = lightly, moderately, and densely pubescent, respectively. The two numbers represent adaxial/abaxial leaf surfaces. Parental species (native ranges) not listed: U. carpinifolia (Europe, N. Africa [E]); U. glabra (Europe, W. Asia [E]); U. pumila (Siberia, China, Korea [A]); U. davidiana var. japonica (China, Japan, Korea [A]). the tree truly is susceptible, a brief feeding trial was performed us- ing only the American elm cultivars. Four nondamaged leaves, one from each cardinal direction, were harvested from each tree on July 28, 2009, brought to the laboratory, and measured with an area me- ter as before. The leaves were placed individually in Petri dishes on moist filter paper; then one field-collected female beetle that had been starved overnight was added. The leaves were re-measured af- ter 18 hours to calculate the area that had been consumed. Data from the four leaves were averaged to provide a single value per tree, fol- lowed by two-way ANOVA to test for cultivar differences as before. Life History of Orchestes alni and A. aristata in Kentucky Observations and samples were taken to clarify the seasonal biology of EEFW and A. aristata. All trees of ‘New Horizon’ and ‘Homestead’, the two cultivars having the highest densi- ties of EEFW mines in 2008, were examined weekly from March 24, 2009, before bud break of any cultivar, until mid- June, and twice thereafter in July. On each date, two indepen- dent observers slowly circled each tree for two minutes while counting weevils on new growth in the lower two-thirds of the ©2010 International Society of Arboriculture Frontier Homestead F H E×A E×E×A 4±0.4 4±0.5 101±43 113±25 0/0 0/0 Emerald Sunshine Prospector Morton Plainsman Vanguard New Horizon Morton Red Tip Danada Charm Morton Accolade Morton Glossy Triumph wilsoniana U. carpinifolia × Morton Stalwart Commendation Patriot PT E×A 10±2 75±37 1/3 Abbr. VF PN NH J PE EA A E ES PR MP Nh MR M MG MS Japan, China, Korea [A] Native range N. America [NA] Leaf area (cm2 ) 28±4 31±5 29±8 28±5 43±10 Japan [A] China [A] A×A A×A A×A×A A×A×A 2±0.2 2±0.4 2±0.5 20±2 20±2 11±2 16±3 8±2 16±1 10±3 12±3 Leaves per shoot 20±8 16±6 13± 4 19±5 11±1 142±47 177±25 179±72 34±13 27±8 40±13 53±14 143±63 20±8 70±26 45±24 Pubesc. rating z 0/3 0/3 1/3 0/3 0/1 0/0 0/1 0/1 3/4 0/2 0/0 0/2 1/1 0/0 1/2 1/2
May 2010
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