110 cess themselves, other institutions may want to consider offer- ing existing courses developed by other institutions with some of the course material adapted to meet their own requirements. As arboriculture graduates have assumed an increas- ingly important role in the management of Britain’s green infrastructure and urban landscapes, so the demand for post- graduate courses in arboriculture and urban forestry has gath- ered momentum within the wider greenspace industry. Many graduates of related professions, such as traditional forestry, landscape architecture and management, environmental stud- ies, and urban planning, want to gain some specialist and ad- vanced knowledge of urban tree management, which had not been part of their undergraduate education. To meet this de- mand, Myerscough College began offering its MSc in Arbo- riculture and Urban Forestry in 2008. This has been available by full-time and part-time study and has proved very success- ful, attracting not only British students but also many from overseas. However, the demand for this course to be avail- able online has been growing and is presently under serious consideration by the College as another e-learning program. There is no doubt that e-learning opportunities in arbo- riculture will expand even more. This expansion will not be limited to formal education courses at colleges or universi- ties, but will embrace education and training at all levels in the industry (Vargas 2008). For example, online training and social networking opportunities are now available for mem- bers of local tree boards (Ries 2010) and the International Society of Arboriculture has recently launched an Online Learning Center to assist in the delivery of arboricultural education. Through these portals arborists and others will be able to access a wide range of training courses and materi- als that are available in various lengths on a variety of topics. Acknowledgments. Dr. Dealga O’Callaghan who had the original idea to develop Myerscough’s e-learning in arboriculture. Mick Cottam who put in much of the early work to get this started. Sandy Hunter and her team at the Learning Development Unit who have produced so many of the e-learning materials to such a high quality. Duncan Slater, Julie Smith and the other members of the Arboriculture Team at Myerscough College who produced e-learning materials and act as Course Tutors or Module Tutors. LITERATURE CITED Allen, I.E., and J. Seaman. 2010. Learning on Demand. Babson Survey Research Group. Anderson, T., and F. Elloumi. 2004.Theory and Practice of Online Learn- ing. Athabasca University. 421 pp. Beetham, H., and R. Sharpe (Eds.). 2007. Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age. Routledge. 288 pp. Bridgeman, P.H. 1976. Tree Surgery: A Complete Guide. David and Charles. 144 pp. Bridgeman, P.H. 2009. Merrist Wood 1967–1977. Essential Arb Issue 31, 24–26. Cohen, L., and L. Manion. 1994. Research Methods in Education 4th Edition. Routledge: London, England. 440 pp. Cole, R.A. 2000. Issues in Web-based pedagogy: A critical primer. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut, U.S. 414 pp. Dowson, D. 2010. Personal communication in the form of an e-mail to Mark Johnston from David Dowson, the Managing Director of Treel- ife, dated 06-04-2010. ©2012 International Society of Arboriculture Johnston and Hirons: Going Online with Arboricultural Education Harasim, L., S.R. Hiltz, L. Teles, and M. Turoff. 1995. Learning Net- works. MIT Press: Cambridge. 376 pp. Harker, E.J., C.O. Ellis, A. Harraf, and M.D. Richards. 2005. Pioneer- ing the Potential of IP Video: Integrating Macromedia Breeze Live and Breeze Presentation Software into a Learning Environment. Ac- cessed 08/06/2007. Hirons, A.D. 2007. Cool breeze or hot air: A critical analysis of the devel- opment of online arboriculture lecture resources using Macromedia Breeze. An Action Research Report. Myerscough College. Honey, P., and A. Mumford. 1992. The Manual of Learning Styles. Peter Honey: London, England. 88 pp. ISA. 2011. Academic Programs in Arboriculture Database. International Society of Arboriculture. Accessed 05/10/2011. Jarvis, P. 2004. Adult Education and Lifelong Learning: Theory and Practice. 3rd edition. London: Routledge Falmer. Taylor & Francis Group. 392 pp. Johnston, M. 2001a. The Springtime of urban forestry in Britain – developments between the 1st and 3rd Conferences 1988–1993, Part II. Arboricultural Journal 23:313–341. Johnston, M. 2001b. British urban forestry in transition – developments between 1993-1998, Part II. Arboricultural Journal 25:153–178. Khiewnavawongasa, S., R. Leong, and E. Schmidt. 2006. Learning a Web-Based Course Through Macromedia Breeze. 2006 ASEE An- nual Conference & Exposition: Excellence in Education. Chicago, Illinois, U.S. June 18–21, 2006. Kim, K., and J. Bonk. 2006. The future of online teaching and learning in higher education. Educause Quarterly. 29:4 Knowles M., E.F. Holton III, and R.A. Swanson. 2005. The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource develop- ment. 6th edition. Burlington, MA: Elsevier. 378 pp. McPhenson, M., and M.B. Nunes. 2004. Developing innovation in On- line Learning: An action research framework. Routledge: London, England. Taylor & Francis Group. 160 pp. Menhinick, O. 2010. Personal communication in the form of a letter to Mark Johnston from Oliver Menhinick, the Principal of The Horticul- tural Correspondence College, dated 04/27/2010. Myerscough College 2005. Building on Success. Myerscough College Strategic Plan 2005 to 2010. Summary Version for Staff. Myerscough College. Myerscough College 2006a. ILT Strategy August 2004, revised Novem- ber 2006. Myerscough College. Myerscough College 2006b. E-Learning Strategy 2006–2010. Learning development Unit, Myerscough College. Piaget, J. 1970. Science of education and psychology of the child. Orion Press: New York, New York, U.S. 186 pp. Poley, J. 2010. Globalization in Online Learning. In: K.E. Rudestam and J. Schoenholtz-Read (Eds.). 2010. Handbook of Online Learning 2nd Edition. Sage. Ries, P. 2010. A New Online Learning and Social Networking Opportu- nity for Tree Boards. Partners in Community Forestry National Con- ference. November 9-11, 2010, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Accessed 03/10/2011. Rosenberg, M.J. 2001. E-Learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age. McGraw Hill: New York, New York, U.S. 344 pp.
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