Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(3): May 2012 Acknowledgments. This study was supported, in part, by a grant from Rainbow Treecare Scientific Advancements. The authors wish the thank An- gela Hewitt and Kelly Bolger for their assistance and support of this project. LITERATURE CITED Ashokan, P.K., W.R. Chaney, and G.S. Premachandra. 1995. Soil applied paclobutrazol affects leaf water relations and growth of American elm (Ulmus americana L.) seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation Society of America Quarterly 23:1–12. Asín, L., S. Alegre, and R. Montserrat. 2007. Effect of paclobutrazol, prohexadione-Ca, deficit irrigation, summer pruning and root prun- ing on shoot growth, yield, and return bloom, in a ‘Blanquilla’ pear orchard. Scientia Horticulturae 113:142–148. Baldwin, B.C., and W.G. Rathmell. 1988. Evolution of concepts for chemical control of plant disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology 26:265–283. Beckerman, J.L., J. Chatfield, and E. Draper. 2009. A 33-year evaluation of resistance and pathogenicity in the apple scab - crabapples patho- system. HortScience 44:599–608. Blaedow, R.A., W.R. Chaney, P.C. Pecknold, and H.A. Holt. 2006. In- vestigation of fungicidal properties of the tree growth regulator pa- clobutrazol to control apple scab. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32:67–73. Burch, P.L., R.H. Wells, and W.N. Kline III. 1996. Red maple and silver maple growth evaluated 10 years after application of paclobutrazol tree growth regulator. Journal of Arboriculture 22:61–66. Davis, T.D., N. Sankhla, R.H. Walser, and A. Upadhyaya. 1985. Pro- motion of adventitious root formation on cuttings by paclobutrazol. HortScience 20:883–884. Hajihashemi, S., K. Kiarostami, A. Saboora, and S. Enteshari. 2007. Ex- ogenously applied paclobutrazol modulates growth in salt-stressed wheat plants. Plant Growth Regulation 53:117–128. Hartman, J., E. Dixon, and S. Bernick. 2010. Evaluation of therapeutic treatments to manage oak bacterial leaf scorch. Arboriculture & Ur- ban Forestry 36:140–146. Jacobs, K.A., and L.C. Berg. 2000. Inhibition of fungal pathogens of woody plants by the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol. Pest Man- agement Science 56:407–412. Lin, K.H., F.H. Pai, S.Y Hwang, and H.F. Lo. 2006a. Pre-treating pa- clobutrazol enhanced chilling tolerance of sweet potato. Plant Growth Regulation 49:249–262. Lin, K.H., C.C. Tsou, S.Y. Hwang, L.F.O. Chen, and H.F. Lo. 2006b. Paclobutrazol pre-treatment enhanced flooding tolerance of sweet po- tato. Journal of Plant Physiology 163:750–760. 115 McDonald, S.J., P.H. Dernoeden, and C.A. Bigelow. 2006. Dollar spot and gray leaf spot severity as influenced by irrigation, chlorothalonil, paclobutrazol, and a wetting agent. Crop Science 46:2675–2684. Mann, M.P., H.A. Holt, W.R. Chaney, W.L. Mills, and R.L. McKenzie. 1995. Tree growth regulators reduce line clearance trimming time. Journal of Arboriculture 21:209–212. Percival, G.C. 2008. Paclobutrazol soil drenches provide partial reduc- tions in symptoms of apple scab of ornamental trees and Guignardia leaf blotch of horse chestnut. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26(2):87–92. Rademacher, W. 2000. Growth retardants: Effects on gibberellins biosyn- thesis and other metabolic pathways. Annual Review of Plant Physi- ology and Plant Molecular Biology 51:501–531. Ruter, J.M., and C.A. Martin. 1994. Effects of contrasting climate and paclobutrazol on the growth and water use of two container-grown landscape plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 12:27–32. Sinclair, W.A., H.H. Lyon, and W.T. Johnson. 1987. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Comstock Publishing, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, U.S. 575 pp. Wample, R.L., and E.B. Culver. 1983. The influence of paclobutrazol, a new growth regulator, on sunflowers. Journal of the American Society of Horticulture Science 108:122–125. Watson, G.W. 1996. Tree root system enhancement with paclobutrazol. Journal of Arboriculture 22:211–217. Watson, G.W. 2001. Soil applied paclobutrazol affects root growth, shoot growth and water potential of American elm seedlings. Journal of En- vironmental Horticulture 19:199–122. Watson, G.W. 2004. Effect of paclobutrazol and transplanting on root growth of green column black maple and summit green ash. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22:209–212. Gary Watson (corresponding author) The Morton Arboretum 4100 Illinois Route 53 Lisle, Illinois 60532, U.S.
[email protected] Karel Jacobs Chicago State University 9100 S. King Drive/SCI310 Chicago, Illinois 60628-3759, U.S. ©2012 International Society of Arboriculture
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