Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 43(6): November 2017 251 Table 3. Comparison of chlorantraniliprole and imidacloprid as a basal soil drench targeting boxwood psyllid and box- wood leafminer on established boxwoods in Lexington Cemetery. Psyllids Treatment Chlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Chlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Untreated Application datez October October April April – z Applications were in October 2009 or April 2010. y Mean (±SE) no. of twigs (out of 20) with current year’s showing psyllid damage (cupped terminal leaves); evaluated July 2010. x Based on five leaves from each of 20 randomly selected twigs per shrub; evaluated 13 October 2010. Notes: ANOVA results: for psyllids, F4,20 (Dunnett’s test, P < 0.05). = 7.5, P < 0.001; for leafminers, F4,14 Systemic Applications Targeting Rose Pests Chlorantraniliprole basal soil drench in Octo- ber significantly reduced (about 70%) naturally- occurring roseslug sawfly damage on rose shrubs the following spring (Figure 5A). Imi- dacloprid, the standard, also was effective. Both treatments reduced Japanese beetle feeding on detached leaflets compared to the amount of feeding on leaflets from untreated checks (Figure 5B). Most of the beetles were still viable enough for flight in the post-assay fly-off test, with no difference between treatments (F2,8 = 3.63; ns). DISCUSSION Pesticides used to protect woody ornamentals and turf in urban landscapes need to have ef- ficacy against target pests, low mammalian and avian toxicity, stability of performance across different conditions, and minimal impact on pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms, and other beneficial invertebrates. Chlorantranilip- role meets those criteria (Dinter et al. 2008a; Dinter et al 2008b; Brugger et al. 2009; Grad- ish et al. 2010; Gradish et al. 2011; Larson et al. 2012; Larson et al. 2013; Larson et al. 2014), making it an attractive alternative to neonic- otinoids, pyrethroids, and older chemistries, especially for use on plants that may attract bees. The trials demonstrated its strong performance as a foliar spray for control of Japanese beetle adults, bagworms, eastern tent caterpillars, and bristly roseslugs—leaf-chewing pests in three insect orders. Against those pests, the efficacy and residual activity of foliar applications were equivalent or better than those provided by in- dustry standards applied in the same manner. = 4.2, P < 0.02. Asterisk (*) denotes significant reduction relative to untreated check Damaged twigs (of 20)y 7.3 ± 1.2 0.5 ± 1.0* 4.8 ± 3.4 2.0 ± 1.4 4.5 ± 3.7 % reduction – 88.9 – – – Leafminers Mined leaves (of 100)x 61 ± 30 6 ± 4* 70 ± 18 0.8 ± 0.8* 61 ± 20 % reduction – 89.7 – 98.7 – Figure 5. Basal soil drenches with chlorantraniliprole (Chlor) or imidacloprid (Imid) in October reduced naturally- occurring roseslug sawfly damage to foliage of in-ground roses (F2,8 feeding on detached leaflets (F2,8 = 7.24, P = 0.02) as well as Japanese beetle = 26.0, P < 0.001). UTC = untreated check. Within trials, means (± SE) topped by the same letter are not significantly different (LSD, P > 0.05). Residual activity on foliage is particularly useful for products used to manage leaf-chewing pests, such as Japanese beetles that have a relatively long seasonal flight and mobile adults, different individ- uals of which may re-infest the same plants for four to six weeks or longer (Baumler and Potter 2007), and when controlling pests with prolonged emer- gence or multiple overlapping generations. Bristly ©2017 International Society of Arboriculture
November 2017
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