Kathleen L. Wolf Strip Malls, City Trees, and Community Values .............................................................................. 33 Abstract. Strip malls (also known as mini-malls) are a common urban land use, historically promoted by U.S. zoning practices that concentrate retail and commercial development in a narrow band along arterials and major streets. More recently, communities are redeveloping mini-mall zones, expanding landscape plantings as biotechnology, and attempting to create a sense of place. This study assessed public response to urban forest and landscape options. Surveys depicted varied roadside, property-edge treatments. Residents of three major cities in the Pacific Northwest, U.S., were asked to indicate their preferences and perceptions concerning a four-concept framework: visual quality, retail perceptions, patronage behavior, and pricing for goods and services. Respondents preferred landscaped roadsides and report positive retail behavior such as willingness- to-pay 8.8% more for goods and services in well-landscaped malls. Roadside management guidelines are proposed based on the research results. Key Words. Contingent valuation; Mall; Preference; Public response; Retail; Roadside; Survey; Visual quality. Dennis Pittenger and Donald Hodel Six-Year Evaluation of Circular Root Barriers on Two Tree Species ................................................ 41 Abstract. The influence of four circular root barriers on surface root development and tree growth was evaluated on Liquidambar styraciflua (American sweetgum) and Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel fig) in southern California, U.S. Six years after installation, root barriers had reduced the total number of roots growing in the surface 15 cm (6 in) of soil and nearly eliminated large (diameter 5 cm [2 in] or greater) surface tree roots within a 120 cm (48 in) radius of the trunk. Various sizes and types of low-cost noncom- mercial barriers, including a container-grown tree’s nursery container with the bottom removed, were equally effective in reducing the number of large-diameter surface roots. However, roots grew below barriers and returned to the surface soil when soil texture, bulk density, and water content were near optimum for root growth at the bottom of the barrier. Many small roots 1.25 cm (0.5 in) £ diam- eter less than 2.5 cm (0.5 in £ diameter to less than 1 in) were found growing in the upper 15 cm (6 in) of soil just beyond barriers within 18 to 60 cm (7 to 24 in) of the trunk. No barrier treatment reduced the number of small roots of either species beyond 60 cm (24 in) radius from the trunk. Keeping pavement at least 120 cm (48 in) away from trees would be as effective as a root bar- rier in reducing the possibility of damage from large surface roots. A #15 nursery container serving as a root barrier reduced cali- per increase of both species, whereas this treatment and the DeepRoot® barrier treatment reduced height increase of Liquidambar. Key Words. Landscape trees; Root diameter; Root systems; Surface roots; Tree growth. Richard H. Yahner Deer Use of a Right-of-Way in Central Pennsylvania, U.S. ............................................................. 47 Abstract. The purpose of the State Game Lands (SGL) 33 Research and Demonstration Area, since its inception in 1953, has been to compare the effectiveness of commonly used mechanical and herbicidal maintenance treatments on vegetation and wildlife on a right-of-way (ROW). White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana) use of the SGL 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Center County, Pennsylvania, U.S. was reported over 20 years ago. As part of a 2-year study before and just after maintenance of the SGL 33 ROW, I examined deer use of the ROW in 2006 to 2007. Deer can have a positive impact on a ROW by browsing on undesirable trees (those capable of growing tall) in wire and border zones of a ROW and providing aesthetic value to a ROW; however, deer can have a negative impact on adjacent forest health by feeding on herbaceous and woody vegetation. In this study, I determined rela- tive use by deer of the ROW, which is maintained by the wire-border zone method and using integrated vegetative management. Deer use of the ROW in 2006 to 2007 was minimal, which I attribute primarily to the lack of grass cover type as a food resource. Key Words. Herbicidal; Maintenance; Mechanical; Right-of-way; Vegetation. ©2009 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
January 2009
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