ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS URBAN FORESTRY Volume 40, Issue 6, November 2014 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) ® www.isa-arbor.com Gregory Dahle, Jason Grabosky, Brian Kane, Jason Miesbauer, Ward Peterson, Frank W. Telewski, Andrew Koeser, and Gary W. Watson Tree Biomechanics: A White Paper from the 2010 International Meeting and Research Summit at The Morton Arboretum (Lisle, Illinois, U.S.) .........................................309 ® Abstract. The International Society of Arboriculture, in conjunction with The Morton Arboretum (Lisle, Illinois, U.S.), con- vened Tree Biomechanics Summit in September 2010 – bringing together a panel of internationally-recognized experts in the fields of tree biology, tree structure, structural engineering, computer modeling, and arboriculture. Following two days of public research talks on the state of tree biomechanics research, presenters were invited to attend a researcher summit to discuss persist- ing research gaps and prioritize research needs. Over the course of the event, summit attendees identified five priority research areas: 1) improving efforts to assess mechanical failure potential in trees; 2) modeling the impact of mechanical loading on trees; 3) under- standing the mechanisms and modes of tree failure; 4) understanding tree growth response to mechanical loads; and 5) increasing the effectiveness of tree risk mitigation practices. Beyond research priorities, summit participants discussed opportunities for advancing future tree biomechanics research efforts, including the creation of a formal working group dedicated to the subject. Key Words. Biomechanics; Failure; Mitigation; Research; Structural Behavior; Summit; Tree Failure. Bryant C. Scharenbroch and Gary W. Watson Wood Chips and Compost Improve Soil Quality and Increase Growth of Acer rubrum and Betula nigra in Compacted Urban Soil .......................................................................................319 Abstract. Tree growth is negatively impacted by the removal of topsoil and compaction of subsoil associated with site development in urban landscapes. A research plot with 60 Acer rubrum and 60 Betula nigra was created, mimicking the typical urban landscape distur- bance. Wood-chip mulch (WC), compost (COMP), inorganic fertilizer (FERT), aerated compost tea (ACT), a commercial biological prod- uct (CBP), and a water control (NULL) were assessed for their impacts on soil quality and tree growth aſter five years. The WC treatment sig- nificantly decreased bulk density and increased soil moisture, organic matter, and microbial respiration. The COMP treatment increased soil moisture, organic matter, microbial respiration, pH, N, P, and K. Soil P increased with the FERT treatment. Tree growth was sig- nificantly increased with WC, COMP, and FERT treatments. No significant changes in soil properties or tree growth were observed with ACT or CBP compared to NULL; and, compared to background soil levels or other treatments (e.g., COMP and WC) ACT and CBP supply relatively minimal amounts of microbes and nutrients. This research shows strong evidence that COMP topdressings and WC mulches are effective and also cost-efficient methods for improving soil quality and stimulating tree growth in compacted urban landscape soils. Key Words. Acer rubrum; Aerated Compost Tea; Betula nigra; Compost; Inorganic Fertilizer; Organic Materials; Organic Matter; Soil; Wood- Chip Mulch. ©2014 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
November 2014
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