Types of Mold Mold comes in many different shapes, sizes and colors. These variations are dependent upon the species of mold, the nutrient source and the conditions under which it formed. Although some species produce distinctive shapes or colors, it’s nearly impossible to identify the fungi present without a microscope. (We cover sampling later in this guide.) Some compounds produced by molds have strong smells, are volatile and quickly release into the air. These compounds are known as microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Because VOCs often have strong or unpleasant odors, they can be the source of the “moldy odor” or musty smell frequently associated with mold growth. A moldy odor suggests that mold is growing in a structure and should be investigated. Cause for Concern In the document Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings included on the EPA CD with your course materials, the United States Environmental Protection Agency states that: “When moisture problems occur and mold growth results, building occupants may begin to report odors and a variety of health problems , such as headaches, breathing difficulties, skin irritation, allergic reactions, and aggravation of asthma symptoms; all of these symptoms could potentially be associated with mold exposure. All molds have the potential to cause health effects. Molds produce allergens, irritants, and in some cases, toxins that may cause reactions in humans. The types and severity 34 of symptoms depend, in part, on the types of mold present, the extent of an individual's exposure, the ages of the individuals, and their existing sensitivities or allergies.” (The full PDF can be found at www.epa.gov or on your EPA CD.) According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): “Some people are sensitive to molds. For these people, exposure to molds can cause symptoms such as nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, wheezing, or skin irritation. Some people, such as those with serious allergies to molds, may have more severe reactions. Severe reactions may occur among workers exposed to large amounts of molds in occupational settings, such as farmers working around moldy hay. Severe reactions may include fever and shortness of breath. Some people with chronic lung illnesses, such as obstructive lung disease, may develop mold infections in their lungs.” In 2004 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) found there was sufficient evidence to link indoor exposure to mold with upper respiratory tract symptoms, cough, and wheeze in otherwise healthy people; with asthma symptoms in people with asthma; and with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in individuals susceptible to that immune-mediated condition. The IOM also found limited or suggestive evidence linking indoor mold exposure and respiratory illness in otherwise healthy children. SOURCE: Molds in the Environment retrieved 7/13/11. http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm#affect