ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU URBAN FORESTRY Volume 34, Issue 5, September 2008 & CONTENTS Landscapes. Richard J. Hauer and Gary R. Johnson State Urban and Community Forestry Program Funding, Technical Assistance, and Financial Assistance within the 50 United States ..................................................280 Abstract. This article describes the enabling legislation for technical and financial assistance, types and frequency of technical and financial assistance, and funding of urban & community forestry (U&CF) programs to the 50 United States. In 2002, $30.7 million in federal and state money financed the 50 state U&CF programs. Federal funding accounted for 60% ($18.5 million) and state funding was 33% ($10.2 million) of the total. Half of the $36 million federal government U&CF allocation in 2002 went directly to state U&CF programs. State U&CF programs distributed 38.3% of program monies (from all funding sources) to local programs through grants. Remaining program monies were used to support state U&CF programs through providing technical assistance, council administration, volunteer partnerships, and program adminis- tration. Nearly 60% of the state U&CF coordinators suggested funding of their state U&CF was inadequate to meet current needs and indi- cated a 60.9% mean increase in program funding was needed. All state coordinators believed their state U&CF program would decline if federal funding was eliminated. Nearly one-third believed their state program would end and nearly half believed a severe reduction in the state pro- gram would occur if federal funding was eliminated. Only 42% of state U&CF programs had enabling legislation that authorized financial and/or technical assistance. Other entities that provide U&CF assistance were identified with the Cooperative Extension Service most frequently cited. Key Words. Technical and Financial Assistance; Urban and Community Forestry; Urban Forestry Program Capacity Model. John Gathright, Yozo Yamada, and Miyako Morita Establishment and Maintenance of Living Structures Made of Willow (Salix) Stems ....................................290 Abstract. Two experimental gardens were installed in Storrs, Connecticut, U.S., to evaluate the potential and limitations of construct- ing living structures of willow stems as play elements for children. Detailed designs and illustrated descriptions of six structures were devel- oped, which can be accessed on the Internet (www.plantscience.uconn.edu/kuzovkinacv.html). Two clones of Salix miyabeana, previ- ously selected for biomass production, exhibited the required characteristics for growth and stem pliability, low pest susceptibility, and satisfactory performance. The plantings were visually appealing and site maintenance was relatively low. A broader implementation of this inno- vative practice may appeal to horticulturists, arboriculturists, landscape architects and designers, environmental educators, and school teachers. Key Words. Arboricultural Education; Children's Garden; Salix; Willow. Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Glynn Percival and Ian Haynes The Influence of Systemic Inducing Resistance Chemicals for the Control of Oak Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides) Applied as a Therapeutic Treatment..................................271 Abstract. A 2 year field trial was conducted using established English oak (Quercus robur L.) to assess the efficacy of four commercially available systemic-inducing resistance (SIR) compounds (salicylic acid, potassium phosphite, harpin protein, be-taine) applied as a single therapeutic spray treatment against the foliar pathogen oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides). In addition, a comparative evaluation of a conventional spray program (3 week spray intervals) used within the United Kingdom for powdery mildew control was conducted using the fungicide penconazole. The SIR-inducing compound containing betaine and a single spray treatment of penconazole had no significant influence on disease severity and specific activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in both the 2005 and 2006 trials. Salicylic acid and potassium phosphite had no significant long-term effect on disease severity, although a short-term reduction in disease severity was recorded that was associated with enhanced leaf peroxidase and super- oxide dismutase activity. A single therapeutic application of the SIR-inducing agent harpin protein signifi-cantly reduced disease severity of powdery mildew in the 2005 trial. No significant effects, however, were recorded in the 2006 trial. Only repeat spray applications of penconazole significantly reduced disease severity of oak powdery mildew in the 2005 and 2006 trials. The fungicide penconazole appears also to posses marginal SIR properties. Key Words. Antioxidant Pigments; Defensive Enzymes; Fungicides; Integrated Disease Management; Pathogen Control; Plant Health Care; Urban ©2008 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
September 2008
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
