Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34(1): January 2008 versity that might reduce the impact of another exotic pest that might again kill large numbers of trees in this neighborhood in the future. Replacements might precede cutting of old trees to satisfy the need for trees adding to the quality of the street. In a situation such as EAB in which the pest might not be identified until the pest is established, the community may not have time to respond. Furthermore, many community budgets are stretched thin and the community might tend to delay action until the impact is apparent, which is now known to be 4 years or more after a tree is first attacked by EAB. Some aggressive and forward-looking Ohio communities have adopted an ash replacement program before the pest is identified in their community and are removing some ash each year. Safety is an interesting issue in urban forestry. This was one of the concepts most strongly associated with positive feelings toward their street and neighborhood. Despite prior research showing trees assist in improving safety and the perception of safety, trees were neutrally associated with safety in this particu- lar study. Perhaps urban foresters might try to reinforce these concepts as they begin to try to develop support for their pro- grams. It would appear that this benefit is not well-known but might assist urban foresters as they compete with other agencies. Another issue might be the degree to which safety is embedded among other issues like in this study or viewed as a separate topic, which could alter the findings. Additional research is needed in this arena. There are consistent concerns about cleanliness of the street related to trees. Damage to sidewalks and subsequent mainte- nance are concerns in Toledo, like in many communities. Inter- estingly, leaves do not appear to be an issue; perhaps Toledo’s pickup program or resident’s simple acceptance of fall leaf drop accounts for this. However, fruits, seedlings, twigs, branches, and trees that do not have strong branch attachments do appear to be considered problematic. LITERATURE CITED Akiyama, K., and S. Ohmomo. 2000. The Buprestid Beetles of the World. Iconographic Series of Insects 4. Gekkan-Mushi Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. 341 pp. Bonnes, M., G. Carrus, M. Bonaiuto, F. Fornara, and P. Passafaro. 2004. Inhabitant’s environmental perceptions in the city of Rome within the framework for urban biosphere reserves of the UNESCO Programme on Man and Biosphere. Annals of the New York Academy of Sci- ences 1023:175–186. Cappaert, D., D.G. McCullough, T.M. Poland, and N.W. Siegert. 2005. Emerald ash borer in North America: A research and regulatory chal- lenge. American Entomologist 51:152–163. Cheng, S., and J. McBride. 2006. Restoration of the urban forests of Tokyo and Hiroshima following World War II. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 5:155–168. Fraser, E.D., and W.A. Kenney. 2000. Cultural background and land- scape history as factors affecting perceptions of the urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture 26:107–113. Herms, D.A., D.G. McCullough, and D.R. Smitley. 2004. Under attack: The current status of the emerald ash borer infestation and the pro- gram to eradicate it. American Nurseryman 200:20–27. Hitchmough, J.D., and A.M. Bonugli. 1997. Attitudes of a medium sized town in south west Scotland to street trees. Landscape Research 22:327–337. Iverson, L., A. Prasad, J. Bossenbroek, D. Sydnor, and E. Schwartz. 2006. Modeling potential movements of the emerald ash borer in Ohio and Michigan. Proceedings of the 2006 Society of American Foresters National Convention. 51 Johnston, M., and L. Shimada. 2004. Urban forestry in a multicultural society. Journal of Arboriculture 30:185–191. Kalmbach, K.L., and J.J. Kielbaso. 1979. Resident attitudes toward se- lected characteristics of street tree plantings. Journal of Arboriculture 5:124–129. Kuo, F.E. 2001. Coping with poverty: Impacts of environment and at- tention in the inner city. Environment and Behavior 33:5–34. Martin, C.A., P. Warren, and A. Kinzig. 2004. Neighborhood socioeco- nomic status is a useful predictor of perennial landscape vegetation in residential neighborhoods and embedded small parks in Phoenix, AZ. Landscape and Urban Planning 69:355–368. McPherson, E.G. 2005. Trees with benefits. American Nurseryman 201: 34–40. Poland, T.M., and D.G. McCullough. 2006. Emerald ash borer: Invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America’s ash resource. Journal of Forestry 104:118–124. Schroeder, H., J. Flannigan, and R. Coles. 2006. Residents’ attitudes toward street trees in the U.K. and U.S. communities. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 32:236–246. Schroeder, H.W., and W.N. Cannon Jr. 1983. The esthetic contribution of trees to residential streets in Ohio towns. Journal of Arboriculture 9:237–243. Schroeder, H.W., and S.R. Ruffolo. 1996. Householder evaluations of street trees in a Chicago suburb. Journal of Arboriculture 22:35–43. Sommer, R., P.A. Barker, H. Guenther, and K. Kurani. 1989. House- holder evaluation of two street tree species. Journal of Arboriculture 15:99–103. Sydnor, T.D., M. Bumgardner, and A. Todd. 2007. The potential im- pacts of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) on Ohio, U.S., com- munities. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 33:48–54. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspec- tion Service. 2003. Emerald ash borer; quarantine and regulations. Federal Register 66:59082–59091. Joseph Heimlich Professor of Environmental Education School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2021 Coffey Road Columbus, OH 43210, U.S. T. Davis Sydnor (corresponding author) Professor of Urban Forestry School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2021 Coffey Road Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.
[email protected] Matthew Bumgardner Research Forest Products Technologist USDA Forest Service 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015, U.S. Patrick O’Brien Urban Forester Forestry Division City of Toledo Toledo, OH 43607, U.S. Résumé. Des résidants de quatre rues de Toledo composées d’arbres matures, incluant des frênes dont l’abattage était planifié en raison d’une infestation par l’agrile du frêne, ont été sondés pour connaître leur opinion face aux arbres de rues. Toledo est en voie d’abattre environ ©2008 International Society of Arboriculture
January 2008
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