292 Rathjens et al.: Evaluating Root Crown Excavation for Deeply-Planted Landscape Trees Acknowledgments. The authors would like to thank the following individuals in procuring and maintaining the trees during the duration of the test: Jennifer Milbrandt, Coordinator of Natural Resources, City of Strongsville, Ohio; Barbara Setterlin, City Horticulturalist, Division of Grounds and Facilities, City of Dublin, Ohio; and Robin O. Hunt, Urban Forester, Cincinnati Park Board, City of Cincinnati, Ohio. Likewise the help of the following individuals/companies with the root crown excava- tions is greatly appreciated: Mark Hoenigman, Busy Bee Services Ltd., Novelty, OH; Chris Ahlum, Ahlum and Arbor Tree Preservation, Hilliard, OH; and Tim Back, Back Tree and Landscape, Inc. Cincinnati, OH. This research project was funded in part by the Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund’s Hyland R. Johns Grant Program and by the Davey Tree Expert Company, Kent, OH. LITERATURE CITED American National Standards Institute. American Standard for Nursery Stock ANSI Z60.1–2004. 2004. American National Standards Insti- tute, Washington, DC. 113 pp. Arnold, M.A., G.V. McDonald, and D. L. Bryan. 2005. Planting Depth and Mulch Thickness Affect Establishment of Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Bougainvillea Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria bip- innata). Journal of Arboriculture 31(4):163–170. Broschat, T.K. 1995. Planting Depth Affects Survival, Root Growth, and Nutrient Content of Transplanted Pygmy Date Palms. HortScience 30(5):1031–1032. Browne, C., and K. Tilt. 1992. Effects of Planting Depth on Three Orna- mental Trees. Southern Nurserymen’s Association Research Confer- ence Proceedings 37:123–125. Harris, R.W. 1992. Arboriculture: Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs and Vines. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 674 pp. Patterson, J.C., J.J. Murray, and J.R. Short. 1980. The Impact of Urban Soils on Vegetation. Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance Pro- ceedings 3:33–56. Rathjens, R.G., T.D. Sydnor, and D.S. Gardner. 2007. A Survey of the Depth of the Main Lateral Roots of Nursery Trees in Ohio Before and After Harvest. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25(4):187–190. SAS Institute. 1990. Statistical Analysis System Version 6.12. SAS Insti- tute, Cary, NC. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Official Soil Series Descriptions [Online WWW]. Available URL: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/ classification/osd/index.html, accessed 7 February 2009. USDA- NRCS, Lincoln, NE. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. Available online at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/, accessed 7 February 2009. Watson, G. 2005. Avoiding Excessive Soil over the Root Systems of Trees: A Best Management Practice. Arborist News, April 2005 14(3):32–35. Watson, G.W., S. Clark and K. Johnson. 1990. Formation of Girdling Roots. Journal of Arboriculture 16(8):197–202. Wells, C., K. Townsend, J. Caldwell, D. Ham, E. T. Smiley, and M. Sherwood. 2006. Effects of Planting Depth on Landscape Tree Sur- vival and Girdling Root Formation. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32(6):305–311. Richard G. Rathjens (corresponding author) Senior Agronomist The Davey Institute, The Davey Tree Expert Company Kent, Ohio 44240, U.S.
[email protected] T. Davis Sydnor Professor of Urban Forestry School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S. David S. Gardner Associate Professor of Turfgrass Science Department of Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S. ©2009 International Society of Arboriculture
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