128 Jacobi et al: Firewood Transport by National and State Park Campers trailer, etc.), presence of firewood, firewood origin state, firewood source (local vendor in the park, nearby retailer, cut or collected at home, lumber scraps, unknown or other), firewood type [conifer or hardwood and genus/species if possible: pine (Pinus), true fir or Douglas fir (Abies or Psuedotsuga), aspen (Populus tremuloi- des), oak (Quercus), etc.]. Details on the appearance of the wood were recorded including bark presence and evidence of previous presence of insects and/or stain fungi. The presence of decay fungi was listed as a data collection category but was not easy to confirm in the field and was therefore dropped from the results. Statistical Analyses Frequency counts and percentages were summarized by park and state using the Frequency Procedure in SAS Version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, U.S.) for each response of interest. Chi-square analyses were used to determine if the distribu- tions of camper responses were similar or significantly differ- ent across the dependent variable of interest (park states sur- veyed, recreation type, etc.) at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Table 1. Camper home states at seven Colorado State Parks in 2008, and 13 western U.S. National Parks in 2009. State/National Park 2008 overnight camper totalsz Arizona Grand Canyon Reservation datax State total/meanw Nevada Lake Mead State total/meanw Colorado Black Canyon of the Gunnison Great Sand Dunes GSDNPP Entrance datav (n = 8,047) Mesa Verde Rocky Mountain Reservation datax State total/meanw Utah Arches Bryce Reservation datax Capitol Reef Glen Canyon Zion Reservation datax State total/meanw Wyoming Grand Tetons Yellowstone State total/meanw National Park grand total/mean Colorado State Parks Eleven-mile Arkansas Headwaters Chatfield Cherry Creek Golden Gate Canyon Jackson Lake North Sterling State Park grand total/meanw interviewed (see METHODS). x (n = 16,258) 540,454 103,049 271,115 374,164 1,546,766 16,412 4,974 25,237 19,154 14,681 12,813 5,202 98,473 332 391 413 804 1658 84 7 77 97 64 19 14 362 (n = 2,192) 13,526 383,919 91,084 40 95 98 19,943 31,982 18 81 39 4 7 28 18 6 14 16 8 3 4 20 74 57 56 49 80 95 93 68 17 26 14 22 46 27 23 40 25 25 25 33 7 0 5 2 2 0 0 3 z Campers = camper groups = total overnight visitors per park in 2008 (NPS 2008), divided by average number of persons-per-vehicle. veyed and the State Park camper home states percentages were significantly different among the parks surveyed based on χ2 y Camper weighted data are given for state mean proportions: weighting factor was computed from total 2008 campers at each park divided by the number of campers Campground reservation data for January through December 2008 was derived from the National Recreation Reservation System accessible through recreation.gov (pro- The National Park camper home states percentages (proportion of park state, next state, or nonneighboring state) was significantly different among the five states sur- v Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GSDNPP) collected camper home state data from January through December 2008 (see METHODS). vided by APHIS, see METHODS). w tests (both p < 0.0001). ©2011 International Society of Arboriculture 44 70 79 50 36 67 63 44 67 72 71 47 19 43 39 49 18 5 7 29 11 42 49 38 16 21 30 19 42 42 42 26 15 33 19 39 13 0 7 19 (n = 20,532) 105,256 18,142 67,932 47 195 323 5,420 13,762 30 51 53 84 65 17 33 53 38 4 4 7 6 9 7 7 43 12 28 77 58 40 55 33 10 25 53 57 39 49 (n = 37,812) 208,819 208,819 318,074 318,074 111 111 88 88 21 13 21 36 36 40 29 40 36 36 39 58 39 28 28 25 47 25 14 14 Campers interviewed Campers from (%)y Park state Neighboring states Nonneighboring states Campers from (%)y Outside western U.S.
May 2011
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