190 Menge, J.T., and K.E. Brown. 1992. Commercial transplanting of wild cabbage palms, Sabal palmetto, in Florida. Principes 36(2):94–98. Ranney, T.G. 1994. Differential tolerance of eleven Prunus taxa to root zone flooding. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 12(3):138–141. Rathjens, R.G., T.D. Sydnor, and D.S. Gardner. 2008. A survey of the depth of the main lateral roots of nursery trees in Ohio before and after harvest. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25(4):187–190. Slocum, G.K., and T.E. Maki. 1956. Some effects of depth of plant- ing upon loblolly pine in the North Carolina Piedmont. Journal of Forestry 54:21–25. Smiley, E. T. 1991. National epidemic reported: Improper planting is kill- ing trees. Arbor Age 11(12):38–39. Smiley, E.T. 1992. Root collar disorders. Bartlett Tree Research Labora- tories, Charlotte, NC. Smiley, E.T. 2005. Root collar excavations to improve tree health. pp. 49– 50 In: Getting the Roots Right. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. Stokes, A. 2000. Strain distribution during anchorage failure of Pinus pinaster Ait. at different ages and tree growth response to wind-in- duced root movement. p. 426 In: The Suppporting Roots of Trees and Woody Plants: Form, Function, and Physiology. A. Stokes, Ed. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. Stone, E.C., and R.B. Vasey. 1968. Preservation of coast redwood on al- luvial flats. Science 159(3811):157–161. Stroempl, G. 1990. Deeper planting of seedlings and transplants increas- es plantation survival. Tree Planters’ Notes 41(4):17–21. Sutton, R.F. and R.W. Tinus. 1983. Root and root system terminology. Forest Science 29(4):supplement (Monograph 24). Switzer, G.L. 1960. Exposure and planting depth effects on loblolly pine planting stock on poorly drained sites. Journal of Forestry 61:390–391. Trockenbrodt, M. 1995. Structure and identification of root bark of Quer- cus robur L. Trees: Structure and Function 9:341–347. Watson, G. 1990. Formation of girdling roots. Journal of Arboriculture 16(8):197–202. Watson, G. 2005a. Deep Roots of Landscape Trees: A comprehensive guide to current research and practice. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. Watson, G. 2005b. Getting the roots right: The structural root depth best management practice. pp. 52–53 In: Trees and Planting: Getting the Roots Right. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. Day et al.: Deep Structural Roots in Urban Trees Watson, G., and S. Clark. 1993. Regeneration of girdling roots after cor- rective treatment. Journal of Arboriculture 19:278–280. Wells, C., K. Townsend, J. Caldwell, D. Ham, E.T. Smiley, and M. Sher- wood. 2006. Effects of planting depth on landscape tree survival and gir- dling root formation. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32(6):305–311. Whitlow, T.H., and R.W. Harris. 1979. Flood tolerance in plants: a state- of-the-art review. in Environmental and Water Quality Operational Studies. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Yelenosky, G. 1963. Soil aeration and tree growth. Proceedings of the International Shade Tree Conference 39:16–25. Susan D. Day (corresponding author) Assistant Professor Department of Forestry Department of Horticulture Virginia Tech 228 Cheatham Hall Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.
[email protected] Gary Watson Senior Research Scientist The Morton Arboretum Lisle, Illinois, U.S. P. Eric Wiseman Assistant Professor Department of Forestry Virginia Tech 228 Cheatham Hall Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S. J. Roger Harris Professor Department of Horticulture Virginia Tech 301 Saunders Hall Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S. ©2009 International Society of Arboriculture
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