228 Scharenbroch: A Meta-analysis of Studies Relating to Organic Materials etc.) and water quality (e.g., N-leaching, P-erosion. etc.) is scarce in AUF. Additional research in AUF should be directed towards the mechanisms, not just associations, of how organic materials improve soil quality and ultimately tree health. The goal of this meta-analysis was to assess the state of knowledge for organic materials in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, but future meta- analytical approaches should span entirety of scientific study. shoot growth, root growth, physiological and soil physical proper- ties with organic materials; and, relative to those attribute catego- ries, soil chemical, soil biological, and environmental responses, are less reported in AUF literature (Table 2; Figure 2). More AUF research is needed on the impacts of organic materials on soil bio- logical diversity and function. Experimentation on organic ma- terials and atmospheric quality (e.g., denitrification, CO2 efflux, Acknowledgments The author gratefully acknowledges financial support from The Morton Arboretum Endowment and the Tree Research & Education Fund, John Z. Duling grant (08-JD-05). I thank Doug Johnston and reviewers for thoughtful advice in preparing this manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Appleton, B.L., J.F. Derr, and B.B. Ross. 1990. The effect of various landscape weed control measures on soil moisture and temperature, and tree root growth. Journal of Arboriculture 16(10):264–268. Arnold, M.A., G.V. McDonald, and D.L. Bryan. 2005. Planting depth and mulch thickness affect establishment of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and bougainvillea goldenraintree (Koelreuteria bipin- nata). Journal of Arboriculture 31(4):163–170. Arthur, M.A., and Y. Wang. 1999. Soil nutrients and microbial biomass following weed-control treatments in a christmas tree plantation. 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