ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS URBAN FORESTRY Volume 35, Issue 5, September 2009 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Bryant C. Scharenbroch A Meta-analysis of Studies Published in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Relating to Organic Materials and Impacts on Soil, Tree, and Environmental Properties........................... 221 Abstract. Organic materials are commonly used in urban landscapes to improve soil quality and tree health. Literature reviews suggest that the effects of organic materials are beneficial, but these impacts have yet to be evaluated using meta-analytical approach. This work presents a literature summary of 176 articles published in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) and evaluates 33 of these papers using a meta-analysis. Research relevant to this topic is not published solely in AUF, but the meta-analysis is limited to AUF in an attempt to specifically focus on the information provided to AUF readers. This meta-analysis provides evidence of the mostly positive impacts organic materials have on shoot growth, root growth, tree physiology, and soil physical properties. It also identifies specific gaps in AUF literature for the effects organic materials have on soil chemical, soil biological, and environmental (e.g., climate, competition) properties. Further, this meta- analysis suggests the type of organic material and the mode of application have differential effects on tree, soil, and environmental properties. Key Words. Environment; Meta-Analysis; Organic Materials; Soil Organic Matter; Soil Biological Properties; Soil Chemical Properties; Soil Physical Properties; Tree Health. Michael A. Arnold and Garry V. McDonald Groundcovers, Organic and Inorganic Mulches, and Masonry Surfaces Differentially Affect Establishment and Root Zone Characteristics of Urban Trees .......................................... 232 Abstract. Three experiments investigated the effects of various groundcovers on establishment of redbuds [Cercis canadensis L. var. texensis (S. Watson) M. Hopkins ‘Alba’] and baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.]. The first experiment involved eight surface treatments. Controls were bare soil. Remaining treatments were pine bark mulch; Asian jasmine [Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai]; St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze]; decorative gravel; recycled paper mulch; decorative brick pavers; or seasonal rotations of herbaceous annuals. Other experiments compared brick-on-sand treatments ranging in color from light blonde to dark charcoal with bare soil on establishment of redbuds or baldcypress. Most organic and living soil surface covers were pref- erable to bare soils, however, some inorganic surface covers were detrimental to tree growth. Paving surfaces adversely affected survival, shoot or root growth, but differences were species dependent. Soil moisture, pH, and bulk density did not appear to be limiting under pavers, but substantial seasonal fluctuations in soil temperatures were observed. Light and medium bricks reflected more photosyn- thetically active radiation than dark bricks or bare soil. Atmospheric temperatures were greatest above dark and medium bricks. Root growth decreased as darkness of brick color increased. Redbud survival and growth were more adversely affected than with baldcypress. Key Words. Baldcypress; Brick-on-Sand Paving; Cercis canadensis var. texensis; Groundcovers; Herbaceous Annuals; Inorganic Mulch; Organic Mulch; Plant Competition; Redbud; Taxodium distichum; Transplant Establishment; Tree Establishment. Alessio Fini, Francesco Ferrini, Piero Frangi, Gabriele Amoroso, and Riccardo Piatti Withholding Irrigation During the Establishment Phase Affected Growth and Physiology of Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) and Linden (Tilia spp.) ........................................................ 241 Abstract. The aim of this work was to investigate the drought tolerance of different Tilia species and of different cultivars of Acer platanoides grown during the establishment phase, and to evaluate irrigation effect on their growth and physiology. In winter 2004–2005, 168 trees [8–10 cm (3–4 in) circumference] of Tilia platyphyllos, T. cordata, T. × europaea, T. tomentosa, Acer plat- anoides ‘Summershade’, A. platanoides ‘Deborah’, and A. platanoides ‘Emerald Queen’ were planted in the field. Eighty-four plants were irrigated with a drip irrigation system (4 l/h) and eighty-four were not. Height, trunk diameter, and shoot elonga- tion were measured at the end of the growing season in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured monthly during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Leaf greenness index content was measured in 2006 and 2007. Results indicate that T. tomentosa and T. cordata are more drought tolerant during establishment than T. platyphyllos, while Acer platanoides ‘Summershade’ is less drought tolerant during establishment than the cultivars ‘Emerald Queen’ and ‘Deborah’. Key Words. Acer platanoides; Chlorophyll Fluorescence; Drought Avoidance; Leaf Gas Exchange; Tilia spp.; Water Stress. ©2009 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
September 2009
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
