Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37(1): January 2011 Acknowledgments. Our thanks to the Rutgers Center for Advanced In- frastructure and Transportation and the LTAP program lab for use of the loading press. Thank you also to Amir Roueenfar (load press), Chris- topher Aydin (root milling/ pith measures), and Paul Remelgado (foam measures) for aspects of data collection during their research internships. LITERATURE CITED Abdalla, A. M., D.R.P. Hettiaratchi, and A.R. Reece. 1969. The mechan- ics of root growth in granular media. Journal of Agricultural Engi- neering Research 14(3):236–248. Barker, P. 1989. Tree root and sidewalk conflicts. In: P. Rodbell (Ed.). Make our cities safe for trees: Proceedings of the fourth urban for- estry conference. National Urban Forest Council. pp. 134–136. Bengough, A.G., C. Croser, and J. Pritchard. 1997. A biophysical analysis of root growth under mechanical stress. Plant and Soil 189:155–164. Bengough, A.G., and C.J. MacKenzie. 1994. 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Arbo- riculutral Advisory and Information Service, Forestry Commission Research Station. Farnham, UK. McPherson, E.G., and P. Peper. 1995. Infrastructure Repair Costs Associated With Street Trees in 15 Cities. In: G. Watson and D. Nee- ley (Eds.). Trees and Building Sites: Proceedings of an International Conference Held in the Interest of Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Trees in Proximity to Buildings. The Morton Arboretum. International Society of Arboriculture. Savoy, IL. pp. 49–63. Misra, R.K., A.R. Dexter, and A.M. Alston. 1986. Maximum axial and radial growth pressures of plant roots. Plant and Soil 95: 315–326. Mudrick, S.P. 1990. Sidewalk displacement: Fullerton grinds out a solu- tion. Public Works (1990):50–51. Nielson, C.N. 2009. A comparison of sinker root development in urban and forest trees. In: G. Watson, L. Costello, B. Scharenbroch. and E. Gilman (Eds.). The Landscape Below Ground III: Proceedings on an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils. The Morton Arboretum. International Society of Arboriculture. Champaign, IL. pp. 266–275. Nicoll, B.C., and A.J. Dunn. 1999. The effects of wind speed and direc- tion of radial growth of structural roots. In: Stokes A. Ed. Proceedings of the conference “The supporting roots of trees and woody plants: Form, function and physiology,” Bordeaux, 20–24 July 1998. Series: Developments in plant and soil sciences. Vol. 87. Kluwer academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands pp. 61–76. Randrup, T.B., E.G. McPherson, and L.R. Costello. 2001. A review of tree root conflicts with sidewalks, curbs, and roads. Urban Ecosys- tems 5:209–225. Richards, B.G., and E.L. Greacen. 1986. Mechanical stresses on an ex- panding cylindrical root analogue in granular media. Australian Jour- nal of Soil Research 24:393–404. Smiley, E.T. 2008. 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The maximum axial growth pres- sure of roots of spring and autumn cultivars of lupin. Plant and Soil 157:313–318. Wilson, B.F. 1975. Distribution and secondary thickening in tree root systems. In: J.G. Torrey and D.T. Clarkson (Eds.). The Development and function of roots. Academic Press Inc. London. pp. 197–219. ©2011 International Society of Arboriculture
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