180 Hodel et al.: Palm Root Growth LITERATURE CITED Broschat, T.K. 1998. Root and shoot growth patterns in four palm species and their relationships with air and soil temperatures. HortScience 33:995–998. Broschat, T.K., and H. Donselman. 1984a. Root regeneration in transplanted palms. Principes 23:90–91. ———. 1984b. Regrowth of severed palm roots. J. Arboric. 10:238–240. ———. 1987. Factors affecting palm transplant success. Proc. Fla. St. Hortic. Soc. 100:396–397. ———. 1990. Regeneration of severed roots in Washingtonia robusta and Phoenix reclinata. Principes 34:96–97. Broschat, T.K., and A.W. Meerow. 2000. Ornamental Palm Horticulture. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Donselman, H.M. 1981. Planting a Palm Tree. University of Florida IFAS, Cooperative Extension Service Fact Sheet ENH-46. Gainesville, FL. Harris, R.W., J.R. Clark, and N.P. Matheny. 2004. Arboriculture: Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs, and Vines (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Hodel, D.R. 1995. An ounce of prevention. Am. Nurseryman 182(4):68–75. ———. 1996. Planting palms correctly for vigorous, attractive growth and fewer problems. Turf Tales 3(1):10–11. ———. 1997. Planting palms. Grounds Maint. 32:C10–12. Hodel, D.R. and D.R. Pittenger. 2003. Studies on the establishment of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera ‘Deglet Noor’) offshoots. Part I: Observations on root development and leaf growth. Palms 47:191–200. Hodel, D.R., A.J. Downer, and D.R. Pittenger. 1998. Palm root regeneration, pp. 46–50. In Neely, D., and G.W. Watson (Eds.). The Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils, 5–6 Mar. 1998, San Francisco, CA. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. Hodel, D.R., D.R. Pittenger, A.J. Downer, and W.E. Richie. 2003. Effect of leaf removal and tie up on juvenile, transplanted Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) and queen palms (Syagrus romanzoffiana). Palms 47:177184. Meerow, A.W. 1992. Betrock’s Guide to Landscape Palms. Betrock Information Services, Hollywood, FL. Meerow, A.W., and T.K. Broschat. 1992. Transplanting Palms. University of Florida IFAS, Cooperative Extension Service Circular 1047. Gainesville, FL. Pittenger, D.R, A.J. Downer, and D.R. Hodel. 2000. Palm root regeneration and its significance in transplanting. In Ranney, T.G. (Ed.). Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance, 23–24 Aug. 2000, Gresham, OR. www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/ programs/nursery/metria/metria11 (accessed 5/19/05). Tomlinson, P.B. 1961. Palmae, Vol. II., pp. 47–52. In Metcalfe, C.R. (Ed.). Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. ———. 1990. The Structural Biology of Palms. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Acknowledgments. We thank The Los Angeles County Arboretum & Botanic Garden in Arcadia, California, for permission to perform this study at their facility and Lori A. Yates for advice on statistical analysis. 1* Environmental Horticulture Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension 4800 E. Cesar Chavez Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90022, U.S.
[email protected] 2 Area Environmental Horticulture Advisor University of California, Cooperative Extension Botany & Plant Science Riverside, CA 92521, U.S. 3 Environmental Horticulture Advisor University of California, Cooperative Extension 669 County Square Dr., #100 Ventura, CA 93003, U.S. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
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