Journal of Arboriculture 31(4): July 2005 189 Moran, R. 1982. Formulae for determination of chlorophyllous pigments extracted with N,N-dimethylformamide. Plant Physiol. 69:1376–1381. Murphy, C.P. 1986. Thin Section Preparation of Soils and Sediments. AB Academic Publishers, Hertfordshire, UK. NRCS Soil Quality Institute. 1999. Soil Quality Test Kit Guide. USDA Agriculture Research Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service. Obreza, T.A., and R.H. Biggs. 1989. Humate materials: Their effects and use as soil amendments. Citrus Industry 10. Pagliai M., and N. Vignozzi. 2002. The soil pore system as an indicator of soil quality. Adv. GeoEcol. 35:69–80. Pagliai, M., M. La Marca, G. Lucamante, and L. Genovese. 1984. Effects of zero and conventional tillage on the length and irregularity of elongated pores in a clay loam soil under viticulture. Soil Till. Res. 4:433–444. Pellegrini S., N. Vignozzi, and M. Pagliai. 2000. Effects of different management systems on soil structure and compaction of two soils under viticulture. Agric. Med. 130:216–222. Rakow, D.A. 1992. Soil Amendments in Landscape Plantings, Home and Grounds. Cornell Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet 700.30. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Schafer, R.L., C.E. Johnson, A.J. Koolen, S.C. Gupta, and Horn R. 1992. Future research needs in soil compaction. Trans. ASAE 35:1761–1770. Smalley, T.J., and C.B. Wood. 1995. Effect of backfill amendments on growth of red maple. J. Arboric. 21(5):247–249. Struve, D.K. 2002. A review of shade tree fertilization research in the United States. J. Arboric. 28(6):252–263. Vetterlein, D., and R.F. Hüttl. 1999. Can applied organic matter fulfill similar function as soil organic matter? Risk-benefit analysis for organic matter application as a potential strategy for rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems. Plant Soil 213:1–10. Watson, G.W. 1993. Influence of backfill soil amendments on establishment of container-grown shrubs. HortTechnology 3(2):188–189. Watson, G.W., and E.B. Himelick, 1997. Principles and Practice of Planting Trees and Shrubs. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. Wyman, D. 1936. Growth Experiments with Pin Oak Which Are Growing Under Lawn Conditions. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 646. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Aknowledgments. Support for this project came in part from the Regione Lombardia (Italy) as part of a research project on tree planting techniques in the urban environ- ment. The authors are grateful to Dr. Gary W. Watson and Dr. Roger Harris for their review of the draft of the original and for their suggestions. 1* Associate Professor of Urban Arboriculture and Nursery Techniques Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale University of Milan Via Celoria, 2 – 20133 Milano, Italy
[email protected] 2 Associate Professor of Nursery Techniques Dipartimento di Ortoflorofrutticoltura University of Florence Via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Florence, Italy 3 Unità Operativa Verde Pubblico, Zone 5 City of Florence Via Lambruschini 33 Florence, Italy 4 Assistant Professor and Research Assistant, respectively Istituto Sperimentale per lo Studio e la Difesa del Suolo Sezione di Fisica del Suolo Piazza M. D’Azeglio, 30 – 50121 Florence, Italy *Corresponding author. The authors contributed in equal measure to this paper. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
July 2005
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