160 Cullen: Chronology of North American Industry Appraisal Guidance SUMMARY North American tree and plant appraisers rely on green- industry consensus guidance—including methods—that has evolved through nine published versions from 1957 to 2000. A 10th edition of the CTLA guide is in preparation. This industry consensus guidance is not promulgated as a standard but is generally accepted in North America. Plant appraisers will be most credible if they use appropriately current methods and guidance. They should be alert to publication of new versions. This should be inherent in maintaining current appraisal competence. Appraisal users will benefit by confirming that appraisal opinions have been developed using appropriately current methods and guidance. LITERATURE CITED Abbott, Richard. 1976. Arboricultural and Horticultural Appraisal. The Arboriculturist (Davey Tree) 1(3):1–12. American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 1994. American National Standard for Tree Care Operations— Pruning, Trimming, Repairing, Maintaining and Removing Trees, and Cutting Brush—Safety Requirements. ANSI Z133.1-1994. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. ———. 2001. American National Standard for Tree Care Operations—Tree, Shrub and Other Woody Plant Maintenance—Standard Practices, Pruning. ANSI A300 Part 1-2001. Tree Care Industry Association, Manchester, NH. ———. 2004. ANSI Z60.1-2004 American Standard for Nursery Stock. American Nursery & Landscape Associa- tion, Washington, DC. ———. 2005. American National Standards Institute Web site. www.ansi.org (accessed 5/16/05). American Society of Consulting Arborists (ASCA). 1996. Standards of Professional Practice. American Society of Consulting Arborists, Rockville, MD. 24 pp. Appraisal Institute of Canada. 2005. Canadian Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). Appraisal Institute of Canada, Ottawa, ON. 35 pp. Appraisal Standards Board. 2005. Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). The Appraisal Foundation, Washington, DC. ———. 2003. Glossary in Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). The Appraisal Foundation, Washington, DC. Armstrong, N. 1947. Shade tree evaluation formulas and their use, pp. 38–48. In Proceedings of the 23rd National Shade Tree Conference, 18–22 Aug. 1947, Cleveland, OH. Asociación Española de Parques y Jardines Públicos (AEPJP). 1999. Método para valoración de árboles y arbustos ornamentales. 1999 Neuva Norma Granada. Asociación ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture Española de Parques y Jardines Públicos, Madrid, Spain. 71 pp. Barrell, Jeremy. 1995. SULE: The cutting edge in predevelop- ment tree assessment methodology, pp. 143–155. In Watson, Gary W., and Dan Neely (Eds.). Trees and Building Sites: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Trees and Buildings. International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign IL. 191 pp. Berger, Margaret. 2000. The Supreme Court’s trilogy on the admissibility of expert testimony, pp. 9–38. In Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence (2nd ed.). Federal Judicial Center, Washington, DC. www.fjc.gov (accessed 5/16/05). British Standards Institution (BSI). 1989. Recommendations for Tree Work. BS 3998. British Standards Institution, London, UK. ———. 1991. Guide for Trees in Relation to Construction. BS 5837. British Standards Institution, Milton Keynes, England. ———. 2005. BSI Global Web site. www.bsi-global.com (accessed 5/16/05). Chadwick, L.C. 1975. ASCA recommendations for modification of the ISTC Shade Tree Evaluation Formula. J. Arboric. 1(2):35–38. Comité Europeén de Normalisation—European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2005. European Committee for Standardization Web site. www.cenorm.be (accessed 5/16/05). Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers (CTLA). 1986. Manual for Plant Appraisers: A Handbook of Methods, Procedures and Problems of Plant Appraisal (1st ed.). Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers, Washington, DC. 57 pp. ———. 1992. Guide for Plant Appraisal (8th ed.). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 103 pp. ———. 1993. Workbook—Guide for Plant Appraisal (8th ed.) International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 12 pp. ———. 1995. Field Report Guide for Trunk Formula (8th ed.). Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers, Washington, DC. 4 pp. ———. 1997. Field Report Guide for Cost of Cure (8th ed.). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 9pp. ———. 2000a. Guide for Plant Appraisal (9th ed.). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 143 pp. ———. 2000b. Field Report Guide for Trunk Formula and Replacement Cost Methods (9th ed.). Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers, Washington, DC. ———. 2000c. Workbook—Guide for Plant Appraisal (9th ed.). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, IL. 12 pp.
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