Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(5): September 2019 tree genera in the Southern U.S.A. Assessing pest risk by plant genera has proven valuable in previous research (Raupp and Noland 1984; Raupp et al. 1985; Raupp et al. 2006). This survey provides insight into the trees and pests on which research, extension, and industry personnel could focus IPM development and implementation efforts. It also provides information to improve future surveys, for example, by focusing on species of prominent genera such as Quercus and Acer and by not including genera with few species or few pests such as Zelkova, Lagerstroemia, and Lirio- dendron. Some respondents suggested adding genera including Magnolia, Cornus, Cercis, and Cupressus to future surveys. A future survey would also benefit from including tree pathogens and by including more respondents, especially more respondents employed as arborists and municipal foresters. A direct benefit of this research for arborists and municipal foresters is helping to focus formal and individual education efforts. Identifying important pest categories and spe- cies will help extension educators focus their teach- ing and practitioners focus their learning on pests likely to be key in their situations. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, R.S., C.W. O Brien, G.A. Salsbury, and S.J. Krauth. 2007. Orchestes alni (L.) newly discovered in North America (Coleop- tera: Curculionidae). JOURNAL-KANSAS ENTOMOLOG- ICAL SOCIETY 80: 78. Asaro, C., and L. A. Chamberlin. 2015. Outbreak History (1953- 2014) of Spring Defoliators Impacting Oak-Dominated For- ests in Virginia, with Emphasis on Gypsy Moth ( Lymantria dispar L.) and Fall Cankerworm ( Alsophila pometaria Harris). American Entomologist 61:174–185. Braman, S., J. Latimer, and C. Robacker. 1998. Factors influenc- ing pesticide use and integrated pest management implemen- tation in urban landscapes: a case study in Atlanta. HortTechnology 8:145–149. Burghardt, K.T., and D.W. Tallamy. 2013. Plant origin asymmet- rically impacts feeding guilds and life stages driving community structure of herbivorous arthropods. Diversity and Distributions 19:1553–1565. Camacho, E.R., J.H. Chong, S.K. Braman, S.D. Frank, and P.B. Schultz. 2017. Life History of Parthenolecanium spp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Urban Landscapes of the Southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 110:1668–1675. Chanthammavong, N., G. Bryant, and S.D. Frank. 2014. The effect of sticky bands on cankerworm abundance and defoliation in urban trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 40:135–142. Coffelt, M.A., and P.B. Schultz. 1990. Development of an aes- thetic injury level to decrease pesticide use against orange- striped oakworm (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in an urban pest management project. Journal of Economic Entomology 83:2044–2049. 163 Coffelt, M.A., P.B. Schultz, and D.D. Wolf. 1993. Impact of late- season orangestriped oakworm (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) defoliation on oak growth and vigor. Environmental Entomol- ogy 22:1318–1324. Condra, J.M., C.M. Brady, and D.A. Potter. 2010. Resistance of landscape-suitable elms to Japanese beetle, gall aphids, and leaf miners, with notes on life history of Orchestes alni and Agromyza aristata in Kentucky. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:101–109. Dale, A.G., and S.D. Frank. 2014. The effects of urban warming on herbivore abundance and street tree condition. PlosOne 9. Dale, A.G., and S.D. Frank. 2018. Urban plants and climate drive unique arthropod interactions with unpredictable consequences. Current Opinion in Insect Science 29:27–33. Dodds, K.J., C.F. Aoki, A. Arango-Velez, J. Cancelliere, A.W. D’Amato, M.F. DiGirolomo, and R.J. Rabaglia. 2018. Expan- sion of Southern Pine Beetle into Northeastern Forests: Manage- ment and Impact of a Primary Bark Beetle in a New Region. Journal of Forestry 116:178–191. Dreistadt, S., and D. Dahlsten. 1988. Tuliptree aphid honeydew management. Journal of Arboriculture 14:209–214. Dreistadt, S.H. 1987. Monitoring of Honeydew Excretion in the Field as a Method of Sampling Illinoia liriodendri (Homoptera: Aphididae) Infesting Liriodendron tulipifera. Journal of Eco- nomic Entomology 80:380–383. Ehler, L.E., and G.W. Frankie. 1979. Arthropod Fauna of Live Oak in Urban and Natural Stands in Texas. II. Characteristics of the Mite Fauna (Acari). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 52:86–92. Eirich, R. 2008. Establishing Action Threshholds for Control of Cankerworms in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34:66. Eliason, E.A., and D.A. Potter. 2000a. Budburst phenology, plant vigor, and host genotype effects on the leaf-galling generation of Callirhytis cornigera (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pin oak. Environmental Entomology 29:1199–1207. Eliason, E.A., and D.A. Potter. 2000b. Impact of whole-canopy and systemic insecticidal treatments on Callirhytis cornigera (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and associated parasitoids on pin oak. Journal of Economic Entomology 93:165–171. Eliason, E.A., and D.A. Potter. 2001. Biology and management of the horned oak gall wasp on pin oak. Journal of Arboriculture 27:92–101. Fettig, C.J., J.G. Fidgen, and S.M. Salom. 2005. A review of sam- pling procedures available for IPM decision-making of forest and shade tree insects in North America. Journal of Arboriculture 31:38–47. Filer, T. 1977. Sycamore pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, and air pollution, Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, South- eastern Area, State and Private Forestry. Fostad, O., and P. Pedersen. 1997. Vitality, variation, and causes of decline of trees in Oslo center (Norway). Journal of Arbori- culture 23:155–165. Frank, S.D. 2014. Bad neighbors: urban habitats increase canker- worm damage to non-host understory plants. Urban Ecosystems 17:1135–1145. Frank, S.D., and C.S. Sadof. 2011. Reducing Insecticide Volume and Nontarget Effects of Ambrosia Beetle Management in Nurs- eries. Journal of Economic Entomology 104:1960–1968. ©2019 International Society of Arboriculture
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