ARBORICULTURE & CONTENTS URBAN FORESTRY Volume 45, No. 5, September 2019 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) Steven D. Frank A Survey of Key Arthropod Pests on Common Southeastern Street Trees ................................... 155 Abstract. Cities contain dozens of street tree species each with multiple arthropod pests. Developing and implementing integrated pest manage- ment (IPM) tactics, such as scouting protocols and thresholds, for all of them is untenable. A survey of university research and extension person- nel and tree care professionals was conducted as a first step in identifying key pests of common street tree genera in the Southern United States. The survey allowed respondents to rate seven pest groups from 0 (not pests) to 3 (very important or damaging) for each of ten tree genera. The categories were sucking insects on bark, sucking insects on leaves, defoliators and leafminers, leaf and stem gall forming arthropods, trunk and twig borers and bark beetles, and mites. Respondents could also identify important pest species within categories. Some tree genera, like Quercus and Acer, have many important pests in multiple categories. Other genera like Liriodendron, Platanus, and Lagerstroemia have only one or two key pests. Bark sucking insects were the highest ranked pests of Acer spp. Defoliators, primarily caterpillars, were ranked highest on Quercus spp. followed closely by leaf and stem gallers, leaf suckers, and bark suckers. All pest groups were rated below ‘1’ on Zelkova spp. Identifying key pests on key tree genera could help researchers prioritize IPM development and help tree care professionals prioritize their training and IPM implemen- tation. Recommendations for future surveys include having more respondents and tree taxa represented and identifying trees to species within large genera, such as Acer and Quercus. Key Words. Acer; Integrated Pest Management; Quercus; Scale Insects. Deborah R. Hilbert, Lara A. Roman, Andrew K. Koeser, Jess Vogt, and Natalie S. van Doorn Urban Tree Mortality: A Literature Review ....................................................................................... 167 Abstract. Tree survival is a performance metric for urban forestry initiatives, and an understanding of the factors that influence mortality can help man- agers target resources and enhance survival. Furthermore, urban tree planting investments depend on tree survival to maximize ecosystem services. In this literature review, we categorized factors commonly associated with urban tree mortality and summarized mortality rates published in 56 studies, focusing on studies of trees along streets, in yards, and in landscaped parks. Study designs included quantitative field monitoring of uneven-aged tree populations and tracking planting cohorts of even-aged trees, as well as qualitative analyses. Annual mortality rates ranged from 0.6 to 68.5% for cohort studies and 0 to 30% for repeated inventories of uneven-aged trees. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quartiles of annual mortality were 2.8 to 3.8%, 4.4 to 6.5%, and 7.1 to 9.3% for planting cohorts, and 1.6%, 2.3 to 2.6%, and 3.0 to 3.3% for repeated inventories of uneven-aged trees (ranges reflect studies that reported a range for the time period or mortality rate). For cohort studies, annual mortality tended to be highest during the first five years after planting. The most commonly cited biophysical factors associated with mortality were taxa (15 articles), tree size/age (13 articles), and site characteristics (12 articles). The most commonly cited human-related factors were stewardship, maintenance, and vandalism (15 articles). More long-term studies are needed to investigate how site characteristics influence mortality, including rarely examined soil and microclimate characteristics. Future research should also examine institutional structures related to mortality outcomes, as well as parcel-level sociodemographic factors and resident behaviors. Key Words. Ecological Monitoring; Street Tree; Tree Death; Tree Demography; Tree Population; Tree Survival; Urban Park; Yard Tree. Tapio Linkosalo, Pilvi Siljamo, Anu Riikonen, Frank M. Chmielewski, and Juha Raisio Utilizing a Thermal Time Model to Estimate Safe Times to Transplant Trees ...................... 201 Abstract. City trees planted in parks and along streets are typically grown to large size in nurseries before being transplanted to their final growing sites. According to tendering rules within the European Union (EU), any business may compete for public contracts in any EU country, and this applies to purchases of valuable lots of nursery trees. There is however a risk of poor transplanting success if the trees are imported from very distant locations with a different pace of spring development. The aim of this study was to implement a Thermal Time model to predict the spring development of Tilia trees to find out in which geographical area the spring development is sufficiently similar to conditions in southern Finland, so that the success of transplan- tation of the trees is not unduly risked. We used phenological observations collected at the International Phenological Gardens (IPGs) over the whole of Europe, together with ERA-Interim weather data to estimate the model parameters, and then used the same date to predict the onset of leaf unfolding of ©2019 International Society of Arboriculture Tilia
September 2019
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
