Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(5): September 2019 sought information on specific pest species that are most prevalent or problematic within those catego- ries. Seven broad pest categories were created based on feeding guild and damage caused. Pest categories were sucking insects on bark, sucking insects on leaves, defoliators and leafminers, leaf and stem gall forming arthropods, trunk and twig borers and bark beetles, and mites. Respondents completed two tables in the survey. The first had a row for each of the twelve tree genera and a column for each pest category. Respondents recorded a value of 3 (very common/damaging), 2 (moderate), 1 (rare/not very damaging), or 0 (not a pest) in each cell of the first table based on their expertise and experience with trees in the Southeast- ern U.S.A. Values were presented as “very common/ damaging” and “rare/not very damaging,” since it is possible for pests to be common in the environment but cause minor or infrequent damage, and for pests to be relatively rare but very damaging when they do occur. Each respondent could balance their percep- tion of commonness and severity to select a score. A mean was calculated for each tree/pest combination recorded (Table 1). In the second table, respondents listed the most important pest species for each tree genus from the pest category they considered to be most important from the first table. For example, if a respondent 157 considered “leaf suckers” to be the most important category of pests on Acer spp. in the first table, they would list the species of “leaf suckers” they thought were important in the second table. Since the same pest category was not always selected by all respon- dents, these data are presented in Table 2 as the pest category with the highest mean in the first table fol- lowed by the pest species listed by respondents as important in that category. In addition, the survey presents the pest species listed by respondents who considered other pest categories most important (Table 2). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15 completed surveys were received from people resid- ing in the following eight Southeastern states: Ala- bama (1), Florida (2), Kentucky (2), North Carolina (4), Oklahoma (1), South Carolina (1), Tennessee (3), and Virginia (1). Respondents included 12 university research or extension faculty, two technical special- ists at tree care firms, and one city forester. Sucking Insects on Bark This category primarily includes scale insect species, in particular armored scales. Pests in this category feed on fluid in phloem, parenchyma, cambium, or other vascular tissues, and damage trees by reducing the energy available for growth and storage. Infested Table 1. Common tree genera and ranking of pest guilds or damage types in the Southeastern U.S.A. 3 = very common/damaging, 2 = moderate, 1 = rare/ not very damaging, 0 = non-issue. Values are means of responses followed by the number of times the category was ranked by respondents as 3. Genus Bark suckers (scales) Acer (n = 15) Fraxinus (n = 14) 2.67 (11) 0.50 (0) Lagerstroemia (n = 15) 1.47 (4) Liquidambar (n = 15) Liriodendron (n = 15) Pinus (n = 15) Platanus (n = 15) Prunus (n = 15) Pyrus (n = 15) Quercus (n = 15) Ulmus (n = 15) Zelkova (n = 15) Overall pest category means 0.33 (0) 1.33 (2) 0.87 (0) 0.13 (0) 1.07 (3) 0.40 (0) 1.73 (5) 0.87 (1) 0.53 (0) 0.99 Leaf suckers (aphids, lacebugs, scales) 1.67 (1) 0.71 (0) 1.87 (3) 0.53 (0) 2.07 (6) 1.20 (0) 1.73 (4) 1.13 (1) 0.53 (0) 1.93 (5) 1.13 (1) 0.33 (0) 1.24 Defoliators Leaf and (Lepidopterans, stem gallers Coleopterans, sawflies) 1.38 (1) 0.57 (0) 0.73 (1) 0.73 (1) 0.87 (0) 1.40 (2) 0.73 (0) 2.27 (6) 0.73 (0) 2.07 (5) 1.40 (1) 0.40 (0) 1.11 0.73 (1) 0.86 (1) 0.07 (0) 0.20 (0) 0.27 (0) 0.27 (0) 0.13 (0) 0.33 (0) 0.27 (0) 2.06 (4) 0.67 (0) 0.13 (0) 0.50 Borers and bark beetles 1.33 (1) 2.57 (12) 0.67 (1) 0.60 (0) 0.73 (1) 2.13 (7) 0.47 (0) 1.87 (6) 0.67 (0) 1.53 (2) 1.20 (2) 0.53 (0) 1.19 Mites Overall tree genera means 1.31 (0) 0.69 (0) 0.15 (0) 0.31 (0) 0.31 (0) 0.67 (0) 0.77 (0) 0.62 (0) 0.46 (0) 1.23 (1) 0.58 (0) 0.07 (0) 0.60 1.52 0.98 0.83 0.45 0.93 1.09 0.66 1.22 0.51 1.76 0.98 0.33 ©2019 International Society of Arboriculture
September 2019
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