Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(5): September 2012 Table 2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)zy Chicago, IL. The Morton Arboretum Physical parameters Structure type Structure gradey Structure sizey Value Chroma Redox (%)y Root restriction depth (cm) Penetration resistance (kPa) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) WAS (%) (Mg m-3 Infiltration rate (mm hr-1 ρb ) )y Gravimetric soil moisture (%) Volumetric water content (%) Temperature (°C)y Chemical parameters pH EC (dS m-1 Ca (mg kg-1 Mg (mg kg-1 K (mg kg-1 Na (mg kg-1 ) ) ) ) )y Sodium absorption ratioy P (mg kg-1 eCEC (cmol(+) )y Inorg. N (mg NH4 DON (mg kg-1 NH4 NO3 ) N (%) C (%) SOM (%) C/N Biological parameters Litter OM (g kg-1 Coarse POM (g kg-1 Fine POM (g kg-1 Total POM (g kg-1 kg-1 ) )y )y ) ) RES (mg CO2 MBN (mg kg-1 N min. (mg NH4 qCO2 MBC/TOC EW (# 0.0125 m-3 )y EW biomass (mg 0.0125 m-3 Fine roots (# cm-2 Coarse roots (# cm-2 Total roots (# cm-2 ) )y )y )y d-1 ) +/NO3 - kg-1 d-1 ) + (mg kg-1 - (mg kg-1 ) )y +/NO3 - kg-1 )y kg-1 ) 1.92ab 1.83 1.58a 3.71ab 1.54a 19.25ab 35.00a 1813.02ab 18.00a 37.51a 44.49c 83.84a 1.11b 2.88a 21.35c 30.58b 16.9d 7.11d 69.56c 866.45b 641.03c 196.45a 10.08c 10.15b 0.06c 18.11a 1.89b 19.20 21.09a 29.58a 0.33a 3.85a 7.55a 11.62d 0.62 3.03 6.13a 9.16a 87.70ab 152.74ab 2.40ab 3.21ab 3.18b 2.17ab 131.92a 1.33b 3.08 4.42 for physical, chemical, and biological soil propertiesx Arboretum Estates 2.20a 2.00 0.70b 3.33b 1.00b 3.00b 36.54a 1083.82b 11.59c 24.66bc 63.75a 84.30a 1.05b 1.14b 31.30a 51.35a 17.0d 7.78c 113.76b 1226.95a 753.68ab 199.28a 64.41abc 13.13a 0.36bc 10.55ab 4.30a 12.12 16.42b 24.90ab 0.31a 3.98a 7.59a 13.36cd 1.19 3.15 5.67a 8.82ab 60.65b 167.11ab 1.63c 1.92b 3.37b 2.60a 118.22ab 1.48ab 3.14 4.62 Stone- bridge 2.08a 2.02 1.48a 3.70ab 1.15b 24.08a 22.76b 1421.06b 10.96c 38.07a 50.98bc 71.95b 1.18b 1.37b 24.89b 47.29a 23.0b 8.03b 139.38b 1122.34a 797.62a 172.79ab 99.56ab 13.05a 0.56ab 9.95b 3.82a 14.09 17.91b 19.43b 0.25b 3.60ab 6.22b 14.52bc 1.40 3.21 5.83a 9.04a 100.20ab 190.72a 2.32ab 2.81ab 4.25a 0.80bc 39.80bc 1.39b 3.20 4.59 capacity (eCEC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Olsen phosphorus (P), ammonia (NH4 and earthworms (EW). indicate greater nutrient availability and retention, but are also associated with higher soil pH values (Doran and Parkin 1994). The eCEC is a value that corresponds to total CEC, but only represents the base contribution (i.e., sum of exchangeable bases). Measures of soil salinity and exchangeable bases were heavily weighted in the PCA and site differences were appar- River Oaks 1.70ab 2.00 1.20ab 4.00a 1.55a 26.00a 17.53b 2174.74a 13.22bc 33.17ab 53.61b 68.14b 1.10b 1.42b 16.35d 32.40b 19.9c 8.12ab 125.52b 1145.84a 751.10ab 140.016bc 58.57bc 12.52a 0.33bc 8.91ab 3.17ab 17.46 20.62ab 31.56a 0.24bc 3.97a 5.85bc 16.55ab 0.69 2.68 6.00a 8.69ab 123.47a 175.40a 2.56a 3.82a 3.69ab 0.00c 0.00c 1.30b 2.60 3.90 Baker Hill 1.29b 1.72 0.72b 3.84a 1.45a 13.19ab 20.70b 2072.87a 15.05b 20.81c 64.14a 71.25b 1.32a 1.32b 20.53c 44.76a 24.5a 8.23a 161.28a 1190.42a 670.84bc 131.63c 123.52a 12.35a 0.71a 7.18b 4.64a 12.94 17.58b 19.68b 0.19c 3.19b 5.07c 16.76a 1.13 2.84 3.95b 6.79b 77.13ab 132.31b 1.92bc 3.15a 3.38b 0.52c 61.94abc 1.94a 2.74 4.68 219 in 84 plots in western suburban CV 43.9 31.5 72.9 11.5 28.7 105.6 36.3 42.9 27.6 35.4 18.6 14.6 13.1 66.4 23.3 26.4 73.6 5.4 30.3 15.1 14.7 27.8 81.8 11.2 83.1 84.5 52.8 50.6 41.1 43.9 25.9 17.5 20.4 19.2 101.90 34.3 31.2 29.3 54.3 27.9 40.0 55.9 26.7 180.6 187.7 49.8 69.4 49.6 z Values within rows not followed by the same letter are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level using Tukey’s HSD test. y Parameters that were highly variable (CV > 60%) and not significantly affected by location (P > 0.05) were dropped from further consideration in principal component analyses. x Wet-aggregate stability (WAS), bulk density (ρb matter (SOM), particulate organic matter (POM), microbial respiration (RES), microbial biomass N (MBN), N mineralization (Nmin), metabolic quotient (qCO2 and microbial biomass C / total organic C (MBC/TOC) in 10-2 ), electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), effective cation exchange +), nitrate (NO3 , -), dissolved organic N (DON), nitrogen (N), carbon (C), soil organic ) in 10-3 ent with the ANOVA. Significant relationships were detected for EC and these other measures (Na = -59.4 + 1.10 * EC, R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0001), (Ca = 802 + 2.43 * EC, R2 = 0.33, P < 0.0001), (K = 206 – 0.332 * EC, R2 = 0.09, P = 0.0065), (so- dium adsorption ratio = -0.349 + 0.00631 * EC, R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0001), and (eCEC = 10.3 + 0.0153 * EC, R2 = 0.19, P < ©2012 International Society of Arboriculture R2 0.21 0.05 0.22 0.17 0.27 0.16 0.55 0.26 0.43 0.52 0.52 0.29 0.40 0.29 0.61 0.39 0.74 0.75 0.57 0.43 0.33 0.36 0.31 0.48 0.30 0.17 0.21 0.11 0.04 0.22 0.56 0.25 0.59 0.41 0.07 0.04 0.32 0.18 0.14 0.28 0.12 0.09 0.18 0.21 0.11 0.12 0.01 0.01 P-value 0.0008 0.3977 0.0007 0.0044 <0.0001 0.0092 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0002 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0002 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0107 0.0009 0.0637 0.4882 0.0004 <0.0001 0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.1183 0.5414 <0.0001 0.0053 0.0014 <0.0001 0.0027 0.0083 0.0006 0.0009 0.0448 0.0374 0.9028 0.9179
September 2012
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
