Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38(5): September 2012 LITERATURE CITED Arnold, M.A. 1996. Mechanical correction and chemical avoidance of circling roots differentially affect post-transplant root regeneration and field establishment of container-grown Shumard oak. Journal of American Society Horticultural Science 121:258–263. Arnold, M.A., and E. Young. 1991. CuCo3 -painted containers and root pruning affect apple and green ash root growth and cytokinin levels. HortScience 26:242–244. Blanusa, T., E. Papadogiannakis, R. Tanner, and R.W.F. Cameron. 2007. Root pruning as a means to encourage root growth in two ornamental shrubs, Buddleja davidii ‘Summer Beauty’ and Cistus ‘Snow Fire’. Journal of Horticulture Science Biotechnology 82:521–528. Brown, C., and K. Tilt. 1992. Effects of planting depth on three orna- mental trees. Proceedings of the Southern Nurserymen Association Annual Conference 37:2–4. Bryan, D.K., M.A. Arnold, A. Volder, W.T. Watson, L. Lombardini, L.J. Sloan, L.A. Valdez-Aguilar, and A.D. Cartmill. 2010. Planting depth during container production and landscape establishment affects growth of Ulmus parvifolia. HortScience 45:54–60. Coutts, M.P. 1986. Components of tree stability in Sitka spruce on peaty, gley soil. Forestry 59:173–197. Coutts, M.P., C.C.N. Nielson, and B.C. Nicoll. 1999. The development of symmetry, rigidity, and anchorage in the structural root system of conifers. Plant and Soil 217:1–15. Gilman, E.F., and C. Harchick. 2008. Planting depth in containers affects root form and tree quality. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26:129–134. Gilman, E.F., C. Harchick, and C. Wiese. 2008. Pruning roots affects tree quality in container-grown oaks. Journal of Environmental Horticul- ture 27:7–11. Gilman, E.F., C. Harchick, and M. Paz. 2010a. Planting depth affects root form of three shade tree cultivars in containers. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:132–139. Gilman, E.F., M. Paz, and C. Harchick. 2010b. Root ball shaving im- proves root systems on seven species in containers. Journal of Envi- ronmental Horticulture 28:13–18. Gilman, E.F., M. Paz, and C. Harchick. 2010c. Effect of container type on root form and growth of red maple. Journal of Environmental Hor- ticulture 28:1–7. Gilman, E.F., and F.J. Masters. 2010. Effect of tree size, root pruning, and production method on root growth and lateral ability of Quercus virginiana. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36:281–291. Gilman, E.F., and J. Grabosky. 2011. Quercus virginiana root attributes and lateral stability after planting at different depths. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 10:3–9. Gilman, E.F., T.H. Yeager, and D. Weigle. 1996. Fertilizer, irrigation, and root ball slicing affects Burford holly growth after planting. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14:105–110. Halter, M.R., C.P. Chanway, and G.J. Harper. 1993. Growth reduction and root deformation of containerized lodgepole pine saplings 11 years after planting. Forest Ecological Management 56:131–146. James, K.R, and B. Kane. 2008. Precision digital instruments to measure dynamic wind loads on trees during storms. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 148:1055–1061. Krasowski, M.J., and J.N. Owens. 2000. Morphological and physical at- tributes of root systems and seedlings growth in three different Picea glauca reforestation stock. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 30:1669–1681. 235 Lindstrom, A., and G. Rune. 1999. Root deformation in plantations on container-grown Scots pine trees: effects on root growth, tree stability and stem straightness. Plant and Soil 217:29–37. Lyons, C.G., Jr., R.E. Byers, and K.S. Yoder. 1983. Influence of plant- ing depth on growth and anchorage of young ‘Delicious’ apple trees. HortScience 18:923–924. Mickovski, S.B., and A.R. Ennos. 2003. Anchorage and asymmetry in the root system of Pinus peuce. Silva Fennica 37:162–173. Nichols, T.J,. and A.A. Alm. 1983. Root development of container- reared, nursery-growth, and naturally regenerated pine seedlings. Ca- nadian Journal of Forest Research 13:239–245. Ortega, U., J. Majada, A. Mena-Petite, J. Sanchez-Zabala, N. Rodriguez- Itturrizar, K. Txarterina, J. Azpitarte, and M. Duñabeitia. 2006. Field performance of Pinus radiata D. Don produced in nursery with dif- ferent types of containers. New Forests 31:97–112. Persson, P. 1978. Some possible methods of influencing the root develop- ment of containerized tree seedlings. Proceedings of the Symposium on Root Form of Planted Trees, Victoria, B.C., Canada. May 16–19. pp. 295–300. Sparks, D. 2005. Tree setting depth affects wind resistance in pecan. Journal American of Pomology Society 59:134–140. Stokes, A. 1999. Strain distribution during anchorage failure of Pinus pinaster Ait. at different ages and tree growth response to wind-in- duced root movement. Plant and Soil 217:17–27. Welcherding, P.J., C.P. Giblin, J.H. Gillman, D, L. Hanson, and G. John- son. 2007. Mechanical root-disruption practices and their effect on circling roots of pot-bound Tilia cordata Mill. and Salix alba L. ‘Ni- obe’. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33:43–47. Edward F. Gilman (corresponding author) Environmental Horticulture Department University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611
[email protected] Christine Wiese Environmental Horticulture Department University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611
[email protected] ©2012 International Society of Arboriculture
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