398 Tanis and McCullough: Evaluation of Xylem Discoloration in Ash Trees Mota-Sanchez, D., B.M. Cregg, D.G. McCullough, T.M. Poland, and R.M. Hollingworth. 2009. Distribution of trunk-injected 14C-imidacloprid in ash trees and effects on emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) adults. Crop Protection 28:655–661. Ott, R.L., and M. Longnecker. 2001. An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Duxbury Thomson Learning, Inc. pp. 1152. Sanchez-Zamora, M.A., and R. Fernandez-Escobar. 2004. Uptake and distribution of trunk injections in conifers. Journal of Arboriculture 30:73–79. Shapiro, S.S., and M.B. Wilk. 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52:591–611. Shigo, A.L. 1984. Compartmentalization: a conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves. Annual Review of Phytopathology 22:189–214. SAS Institute. 2008. PROC user’s manual, version 9.1. Cary, North Carolina, U.S., SAS Institute. Shigo, A.L. 1977. Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees. Agricul- tural Information Bulletin No. 405. USDA Forest Service. Smith, K.T., and P.A. Lewis. 2005. Potential concerns for tree wound response from stem injection. pp. 173–178. In: B. Onken and R. Reardon (Eds.). Proceedings of Third Symposium on hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States, Asheville, North Carolina, U.S., 01–03 February 2005. USDA Forest Service, FHTET-2005-01. Smitley, D.R., E.J. Rebek, R.N. Royalty, T.W. Davis, and K.F. New- house. 2010b. Protection of individual ash trees from emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with basal soil application of imidacloprid. Journal of Economic Entomology 103:119–126. Smitley, D.R., J.J. Doccola, and D. L. Cox. 2010a. Multiple-year pro- tection of ash trees from emerald ash borer with a single trunk injection of emamectin benzoate, and single-year protection with an imidacloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban For- estry 36:206–211. Sur, R., and A. Stork. 2003. Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of imidacloprid in plants. Bulletin of Insectology 56:35–40. Tanis, S.R., B.M. Cregg, D. Mota-Sanchez, D.G. McCullough, and T.M. Poland. 2012. Spatial and temporal distribution of trunk- injected 14C-imidacloprid in Fraxinus trees. Pest Management Science 68:529–536. Vannatta, A.R., R. H. Hauer, and N. M. Schuettpelz. 2012. Eco- nomic analysis of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Bupres- tidae) management options. Journal of Economic Entomology 105:196–206. Sara R. Tanis (corresponding author) Department of Entomology Department of Forestry 288 Farm Lane, Room 243 Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S. phone: 1-517-432-3494 fax: 1-517-432-7061
[email protected] Deborah G. McCullough Department of Entomology Department of Forestry Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S. ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture
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