Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34(3): May 2008 exchange and on internal fluorescence features of PSII. There- fore, we recommend application of mulching material obtained from composted wood chips and shredded wood to improve growth performance of the two species tested. Furthermore, as stated by Harris et al. (2004), several of the benefits, including improvements in soil structure, quality, and plant health, are accrued over time and are difficult to measure in short-term experiments. In the 2 different years, some differences in physiological behavior were found between the two species; thus, further re- search is needed into the effect of different mulching materials in different species on leaf gas exchange as well as on soil char- acteristics, which can affect plant physiology. Acknowledgments. We thank Regione Lombardia Project “Progetto di Sperimentazione Regionale sul Florovivaismo Tecniche eco-compatibili di gestione del vivaismo e del verde ornamentale” (TECOGEST). Sup- port for this project also came in part from the Regione Toscana (Italy) inside the research project “Research on multipurpose green areas” (RISVEM). LITERATURE CITED Appleton, B.L., J.F. Derr, and B.B. Ross. 1990. The effect of various landscape weed control measures on soil moisture and temperature, and tree root growth. Journal of Arboriculture 16:264–268. Craul, P.J. 1992. Urban Soil in Landscape Design. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. Dahiya, R., J. Ingwersen, and T. Streck. 2007. The effect of mulching and tillage on water and temperature regimes of a loess soil: Experi- mental findings and modeling. Soil and Tillage Research 96:52–63. Fageria, N.K., V.C. Baligar, and R.B. Clark. 2006. Physiology of Crop Production. Food Product Press, Inc., Binghamton, NY. 345 pp. Fraedrich, S.W., and D.L. Ham. 1982. Wood chip mulching around maples: Effect on tree growth and soil characteristics. Journal of Arboriculture 8:85–89. Gilman, E.F., and J. Grabosky. 2004. 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Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 4:159–169. Samyn, J., and B. de Vos. 2002. The assessment of mulch sheets to inhibit competitive vegetation in tree plantations in urban and natural environment. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 1:25–37. Smith, A.M., and D.A. Rakow. 1992. Strategies for reducing water input in woody landscape plantings. Journal of Arboriculture 18:165–170. Tiquina, S.M., J. Lloyd, D.A. Herms, H.A.J. Hoitink, and F.C. Michel Jr. 2007. Effects of mulching on soil nutrients, microbial activity and rhizosphere bacterial community structure determined by analysis of TRFLPs of PCR-amplified rRNA genes. Applied Soil Ecology 21: 31–48. Watson, G.W. 1988. Organic mulch and grass competition influence tree root development. Journal of Arboriculture 14:200–203. Watson, G.W., and G. Kupkowski. 1991. Effects of a deep layer of mulch on the soil environment and tree root growth. Journal of Ar- boriculture 17:242–245. Whitcomb, C.E. 1979. Factors affecting the establishment of urban trees. Journal of Arboriculture 5:217–219. Francesco Ferrini (corresponding author) Dipartimento di Ortoflorofrutticoltura viale delle Idee 30 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Italy
[email protected] Alessio Fini Dipartimento di Ortoflorofrutticoltura viale delle Idee 30 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Italy
[email protected] Piero Frangi Fondazione Minoprio Centro Mirt viale Raimondi 54 Vertemate con Minoprio (CO), 22070 Italy
[email protected] Gabriele Amoroso Fondazione Minoprio Centro Mirt viale Raimondi 54 Vertemate con Minoprio (CO), 22070 Italy
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