Table of Contents Francesco Ferrini, Alessio Fini, Piero Frangi, and Gabriele Amoroso Mulching of Ornamental Trees: Effects on Growth and Physiology ...................................................................... 157 Abstract. Two organic mulching materials applied to newly planted Tilia × europaea and Aesculus × carnea trees were evaluated for effects on tree growth and physiology. Both mulches were efficient in maintaining a cleared area around newly planted trees, although pine bark was more durable than coarse compost from mixed green material. Trees mulched with compost generally had greater height, trunk diameter, and current-year shoot growth. Differences were more evident in the first year in Aesculus and in the second year in Tilia. Mulching with compost increased carbon assimilation of linden leaves in 2005 when compared with pine bark and chemical weeding. Both mulching materials increased transpiration of horsechestnut in 2005. Little effect on gas exchange was found in 2006 in both species. However, because mulched trees were larger with longer shoots, whole plant leaf gas exchange was probably greater. Mulching had very limited effects on chlorophyll fluorescence. Results of this project have shown that mulching materials applied around trees aſter planting can positively affect tree growth without significantly affecting tree physiology. Key Words. Aesculus × carnea; Chlorophyll Fluorescence; Compost; Leaf Gas Exchange; Mulching; Pine Bark; Tilia × europaea. Andy Moffat, Kirsten Foot, Fiona Kennedy, Martin Dobson, and Geoff Morgan Experimental Tree Planting on U.K. Containment Landfill Sites: Results of 10 Years' Monitoring ..................... 163 Abstract. A series of experiments was set up in England in the early 1990s on five containment landfill sites engineered to modern standards to test the relative performance of 14 native and nonnative woodland tree species. This article describes the results of monitoring their survival, growth, and nutrition over a 10-year period. The experiments demonstrated that several species, notably ash, whitebeam, white poplar, and wild cherry, can usually be established on landfill sites with survival rates comparable to other brownfield sites. Despite general site infertility, growth of many tree species (for example, ash, beech, English oak, sycamore, Italian alder, silver maple, white poplar, and whitebeam) was similar to that expected on greenfield sites in the locality of the landfill sites. As well as infertility, soil droughtiness and mammal browsing were identified as limiting tree per- formance of particular species on some sites. Aſter 10 years, there was no evidence of interaction with landfill containment systems or landfill gas. Key Words. Landfill; Nutrition; Tree Growth; Tree Species; Tree Survival. Pascal Nzokou, Samuel Tourtellot, and D. Pascal Kamdem Impact of Pesticides Borate and Imidacloprid on Insect Emergence from Logs Infested by the Emerald Ash Borer .................................................................... 173 Abstract. The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was discovered on North American soil in the summer of 2002 near Detroit, Michigan, U.S., and has since spread to six states/provinces. To alleviate these costs, a method of sanitization is urgently needed. This study evaluated four dif- ferent chemical sanitation methods in laboratory and field conditions. Treatments included two borate treatments, spray and dip, with concentrations ranging from 5% to 16.5% boric acid equivalents by mass and Preventol, a technical grade imidacloprid treatment with solution concentrations ranging from 0.005% to 0.02% applied as sprays. When logs were reared indoors subsequent to treatment, the tech- nical grade imidacloprid and the borate dip treatments reduced the infection levels significantly. For the outdoor-reared logs, only the technical grade imidacloprid had a significant effect. All chemical treatments did better under indoor rearing than they did under out- door rearing. This has heavy implications for the development of a sanitization treatment to be used in actual applications. Observations of EAB adults aſter emergence indicate that borate treatments may negatively affect EAB adult health and survivability aſter emergence. Key Words. Agrilus; Borate; Emerald Ash Borer; Exotic Pests; Imidacloprid; Quarantine; Sanitization; Value Added. E. Thomas Smiley Comparison of Methods to Reduce Sidewalk Damage from Tree Roots .............................................................. 179 Abstract. Tree roots growing under sidewalks are known to crack or liſt pavement oſten creating a tripping hazard for pedestrians. This experiment was conducted to determine the long-term effects of below- and alongside-pavement treatments on tree root development and sidewalk damage. London, U.K. plane trees (Platanus × acerifolia) were planted next to sidewalks at the Bartlett Tree Research Labo- ratory in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., in 1996. Treatments installed at the time of planting were: DeepRoot Universal Tree Root Bar- rier (UB18-2), vertical polyethylene sheet, gravel, Foamular®150 extruded polystyrene, and a structural soil. The sidewalks and soil beneath them were removed in 2006. Minimal sidewalk liſting or cracking was associated with the DeepRoot barrier, gravel, and foam treatments. Vertical root barriers and foam resulted in fewer and deeper roots under the pavement. Treatments had no impact on tree diameter growth. Key Words. Deep Root Barriers; Foamular®; Infrastructure Damage; Root Barriers; Sidewalk Liſting; Structural Soil; Styrofoam; Tripping Hazard. ©2008 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
May 2008
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