©2023 International Society of Arboriculture Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 49(6): November 2023 329 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2023. 49(6):329–342 https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.023 Scientifi c Journal of the International Society of Arboriculture Assessment of the Relationships Between Leaf Characteristics with Air Pollutants: A Case Study on Oriental Plane (Platanus orientalis L.) and Caucasian Hackberry (Celtis caucasica Willd.) By Nafi seh Sadat Mousavi Javardi, Maneezheh Pakravan, Parisa Panahi, and Roghaieh Zarei activity, connection to nature, and opportunities for community engagement (Vos et al. 2013; Gunawar- dena et al. 2017). Nowadays, the need to preserve, maintain, and develop urban forests has become more noticeable and grown in importance to the people and authorities. Air pollution is a prominent environmental issue in cities due to its harmful effects (Gheshlaghpoor et al. 2022). Tehran, the capital of Iran, with a popula- tion of 9.7 million, is ranked among the world’s most polluted cities (Dadkhah-Aghdash et al. 2022). Vehi- cles are responsible for producing more than 80% of the gaseous pollutants and over 60% of air-suspended particles, including personal cars, motorcycles, heavy- duty and light delivery trucks, municipal and private sector buses, and minibuses. Personal cars contribute INTRODUCTION Urban forests have a signifi cant value due to their shared relationship with humans and their diverse ecological and environmental functions such as land- scape beauty, reduction of pollution and land surface temperature, climate adjustment, oxygen production, atmospheric carbon deposition, and ambient air con- ditioning (Schwaab et al. 2021; Habtamu and Elias 2022). Today, with the increase of greenhouse gases and the occurrence of global warming, there is no doubt that trees, shrubs, and green spaces as sources of carbon dioxide absorption and control of the earth’s temperature play an important role in improving liv- ing conditions and improving quantitative and quali- tative aspects. Parks and green spaces provide a variety of health benefi ts by promoting physical Abstract. Background: Plants are sensitive to air pollution by altering their vital processes such as growth or photosynthesis. Leaf characteris- tics refl ect the adaptive mechanism of plants to their environment. This mechanism is demonstrated through changes in anatomical, morpho- logical, and physiological characteristics relative to environmental changes. Methods: Samples were taken from 2 species of Platanus orientalis L. and Celtis caucasica Willd. in 10 urban forests of Tehran, Iran. In each study area, 50 leaves were collected from different directions of the canopy of each tree, and their area was measured by a leaf area meter instrument in a laboratory. Leaf moisture and specifi c leaf area (SLA) were also calculated. The data of air pollutants were obtained from the nearest pollution measurement stations to each study location. Results: The average percentage of moisture for P. orientalis and C. caucasica was calculated as 49.6% and 41.9%, respectively. The averages of SLA were estimated 9.2 and 6.5 cm2/g, respectively. The average leaf area was 36 and 6.04 cm2,respectively. The correlation between quantitative vari- ables of leaf (leaf area and SLA) and air pollutant appeared in both study species, only there was a signifi cant negative relationship between leaf area and O3. This relationship was stronger in C. caucasica (R2 = − 0.78). Conclusions: The results of this research showed that both spe- cies showed similar behavior against air pollutants, but C. caucasica showed more reaction. Keywords. Plant Reaction; Unhealthy Air; Urban Trees.
November 2023
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