60 i-Tree Eco (i-Tree 2010b). Future research efforts regarding strat- ification should be conducted to determine the necessary num- ber of plots to be inventoried for each sampling locale to deter- mine the most efficient sampling protocol. Stratification should decrease the coefficient of variance for each strata, thereby reduc- ing the overall sample size needed to meet an allowable error. CONCLUSION As the number of cities and urban areas inventorying their urban forests continues to increase, more research is needed to determine how much of the urban forest must be invento- ried to produce an accurate estimate of the total population when a 100% inventory is not feasible. A sampling protocol used should be based on management objectives. The amount of time available to conduct an inventory and the cost associ- ated with it should be considered when determining what pro- tocol to follow; however, the desired results from the inventory (e.g., ecosystem services) also play a key role. This case study was conducted using a campus setting and begins to validate plot sampling protocol for i-Tree Eco; however, more studies using ecosystem services results from other areas are needed. Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Dudley Hartel and Eric Kuehler of the USDA Forest Service-Urban Forestry South office for their assistance and guidance during the duration of this project. We would also like to thank Jonathon Bartlett, Mark Caldwell, Andrew Parker, Elliot Glass, Ann Huyler, and Efrem Robbins for their assistance with data collection; James Ransom and Daniel Mullenix for their technical assistance and the Superintendent of Landscape Services, Charlie Craw- ford, for his assistance throughout the project. This project was funded in part by Auburn University and the USDA Forest Service Co-op Agree- ment FS-SRS-09-CA-11330150-053. LITERATURE CITED Bassuk, N.L., and R.J. Jaenson. 1988. Ithaca Street Tree Survey. Dept. of Public Works. Ithaca, New York, U.S. Hauer, R.J., R.W. Miller, and D.M. Ouimet. 1994. Street Tree Decline and Construction Damage. Journal of Arboriculture 20:94–97. i-Tree. 2010a. i-Tree: Tools for Assessing and Managing Community Forests. i-Tree. 2010b. i-Tree Software Suite v4.0 User’s Manual. i-Tree. 2010c. UFORE Methods. Jaenson, R., N. Bassuk, S. Schwager, and D. Headley. 1992. A Statistical Method for the Accurate and Rapid Sampling of Urban Street Tree Populations. Journal of Arboriculture 18:171–183. Johnson, P.M. 2005. A Glossary of Political Economy Terms. Martin, N.A., A.H. Chappelka, G.J. Keever, and E.F. Loewenstein. 2011. A 100% Tree Inventory Using i-Tree Eco Protocol: A Case Study at Auburn University, Alabama. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37(5):207–212. Martin, N.A. 2011. A 100% Tree Inventory Using i-Tree Eco Protocol: A Case Study at Auburn University, Alabama. 110 pp. McBride, J.R., and D.J. Nowak. 1989. Urban Park Tree Inventories. Arboricultural Journal 13:345–361. McPherson, E.G., D. Nowak, G. Heisler, S. Grimmond, C. Souch, R. Grant, and R. Rowntree. 1997. Quantifying Urban Forest Structure, ©2013 International Society of Arboriculture Martin et al.: Evaluation of Sampling Protocol for i-Tree Eco Function, and Value: The Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Urban Ecosystems 1:49–61. Nowak, D.J., and D.E. Crane. 1998. The Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model: Quantifying Urban Forest Structure and Functions. Integrated Tools Proceedings. pp. 714–720. Nowak, D.J., D.E. Crane, J.C. Stevens, R.E. Hoehn, J.T. Walton, and J. Bond. 2008a. A Ground-Based Method of Assessing Urban Forest Structure and Ecosystem Services. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34:347–358. Nowak, D.J., J.T. Walton, J.C. Stevens, D.E. Crane, and R.E. Hoehn. 2008b. Effect of Plot and Sample Size on Timing and Precision of Ur- ban Forest Assessments. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34:386–390. Peper, P.J., E.G. McPherson, and S.M. Mori. 2001a. Predictive Equations for Dimensions and Leaf Area of Coastal Southern California Street Trees. Journal of Arboriculture 27:169–180. Peper, P.J., E.G. McPherson, and S.M. Mori. 2001b. Equations for Predicting Diameter, Height, Crown Width, and Leaf Area of San Joaquin Valley Street Trees. Journal of Arboriculture 27:306–317. Shiver, B.D., and B.E. Borders. 1996. Sampling Techniques for Forest Resource Inventory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, U.S. 356 pp. Welch, J.M. 1994. Street and Park Trees of Boston: A Comparison of Urban Forest Structure. Landscape and Urban Planning 29:131–143. Nicholas A. Martin (corresponding author) School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849, U.S. nmartin@bartlett.com Inventory Arborist Bartlett Tree Experts 13768 Hamilton Road Charlotte, North Carolina 28278, U.S. Arthur H. Chappelka School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S. chappah@auburn.edu Greg Somers School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S. somergl@auburn.edu Edward F. Loewenstein School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S. loewenstein@auburn.edu Gary J. Keever Department of Horticulture Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S. keevegj@auburn.edu
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