Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33(4): July 2007 279 Table 5. Statistical significance from analysis of variance of genotype and irrigation treatment on the initial and final tree height and trunk diameter of birch trees planted in Spring 2002 at Fayetteville and Hope, Arkansas.z Statistical significance (P value) Fayetteville Source Initial tree height Initial trunk diameter Final tree height Final trunk diameter AC2002 AC2002 AC2003 AC2003 AC2004 AC2004 AC2005 AC2005 in tree height in trunk diameter in tree height in trunk diameter in tree height in trunk diameter in tree height in trunk diameter zFinal measurements were taken in Fall 2005. reduced tree height (data not shown). Of those genotypes that survived, B. nigra ‘Cully’, B. nigra ‘BNMTF’, B. בRoyal Frost’, B. nigra, and B. pendula ‘Laciniata’ were among the tallest trees in the plot (Figure 1). Only B. nigra was among the genotypes with the greatest annual change in tree height during every growing season from 2002 to 2005 (data not shown). In both 2004 and 2005, B. davurica was also among the genotypes with the greatest annual change in tree height. Betula utilis var. jacquemontii was the shortest tree and had the lowest annual change in tree height in both 2004 and 2005. The overall average annual change in height was 169%, 117%, 59%, and 23% from 2002 to 2005. No interaction between birch genotypes and irrigation re- gimes was observed for the final trunk diameter (Table 5). Main effects of genotype and irrigation treatment were sig- nificant for final trunk diameter. The WS treatment reduced trunk diameter in birch trees (data not shown). Of the sur- viving birch genotypes, B. nigra and its two selections, ‘BNMTF’ and ‘Cully’, had greater final trunk diameter than B. utilis var. jacquemontii, B. populifolia ‘Whitespire’, B. papyrifera ‘Uenci’ Renaissance Upright™, B. papyrifera, B. platyphylla ‘Fargo’ Dakota Pinnacle™, B. alleghaniensis, and B. maximowicziana (Figure 2). In 2005, B. nigra, B. nigra ‘BNMTF’, B. davurica, and B. platyphylla ‘Fargo’ had the greatest annual change in trunk diameter, and B papyri- fera ‘Uenci’, B. pendula ‘Laciniata’, and B. × ‘Royal Frost’ had the lowest annual change in trunk diameter (data not shown). The overall average annual change in trunk diameter Genotype × irrigation 0.4381 0.4348 0.0236 0.3838 0.2849 0.4733 0.9972 0.3816 0.1815 0.2585 0.1290 0.2119 Genotype 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0008 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Irrigation 0.5030 0.0608 0.0001 0.0005 0.2334 0.3059 0.3682 0.6797 0.4559 0.1177 0.0009 0.0001 Hope Genotype 0.0030 0.0014 0.0001 0.0001 0.0939 0.0001 0.0001 0.0020 0.0034 0.0001 0.0681 0.5204 Figure 1. Tree height of birch trees at Fayetteville, Arkan- sas, from 2002 to 2005. Bars represent standard error of genotype on the final tree height (Tukey’s adjusted test; P ≤ 0.05). Figure 2. Trunk diameter of birch trees at Fayetteville, Ar- kansas, from 2002 to 2005. Bars represent standard error of genotype on the final trunk diameter (Tukey’s adjusted test; P ≤ 0.05). ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture
July 2007
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