Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 42(2): March 2016 Ring™ (CR, The Florida Cool Ring Company, Lake- land, Florida, U.S.); Airpot™ (AP, Caledonian Tree Company, Ltd., Scotland); and Jackpot™ (JP, Legacy Nursery Products, LLC, Palm City, Florida, U.S.). In April 2008, 40 liners were also planted into landscape soil [Millhopper fine sand (loamy, sili- ceous, hyperthermic Grossarenic Paleudults)] in four rows 3.4 m apart and approximately 100 m from trees in containers. The point where the top- most root emerged from stem was placed 13 mm below substrate or soil surface by removing an appropriate amount of substrate and roots from top of liner root ball. Chipped whole branches and leaves from utility line clearance operations were applied as mulch 12 cm thick (before settling) down each of four rows 1.8 m wide on trees planted into the ground. Trunks were marked on the north side to maintain trees in the same compass orien- tation throughout the study, including at all shiſts to larger containers and at landscape planting. In November 2008, nine #3 root balls from each container type (72 trees) were washed to measure roots (see Gilman et al. 2010a). In February 2009, 24 trees in #3 containers (8 container types × 3 replicates = 24) were planted, without root prun- ing, on 1.8 m spacing in one row directly into the same field soil as previously mentioned in a ran- domized complete block design with single-tree replicates in each block. Root ball top surface was positioned even with landscape field soil. The same mulch was applied (as described) to a 1.8 m–wide continuous strip down the row. In February 2009, remaining trees were shiſted into #15 containers (approximately 57 L) of the same type; half the root balls were root pruned by shaving as part of the shiſt- ing process; half were not (Gilman et al. 2015). Fig- ure 1 summarizes the protocol for the entire study. In November 2009, some #15 root balls were washed to measure roots (see Gilman et al. 2015) and 48 trees in #15 containers (8 container types × 2 root pruning × 3 replicates = 48) were planted without root pruning on 2.7 m spacing in two rows directly into the same field soil as above. Trees were arranged in a randomized complete block design with single-tree replicates in each block. Root ball top surface was positioned even with landscape soil. The same mulch was applied (as described) to a 1.8 m–wide strip down each row. In February 2010, the remaining trees were shiſted into #45 75 Figure 1. Timeline for measuring roots, shifting to larger containers, planting into landscape, and post-planting root measurement. containers (approximately 170 L) of the same type; half the trees were root pruned by shaving root ball as part of the shiſting process; half were not. In May 2011, some #45 root balls were washed to measure roots (see Gilman et al. 2015) and the remaining 80 trees in #45 containers (8 container types × 2 root pruning × 5 replicates = 80) were planted into the field without root pruning on 2.4 m spacing in five rows alternating 2.4 m and 4.2 m apart. Trees were arranged in a randomized complete block design with single-tree replicates in each block. Root ball top surface was positioned even with land- scape soil. The same mulch was applied as described. Mulch was not re-applied during the study period. Vegetation was periodically mowed between rows. Cultural Practices Trees planted as liners into the landscape and into #3 containers received 2.5 L irrigation three times daily (total 7.5 L daily) from April 2008 through November 2008, then application was changed to three times each irrigated day Monday, Wednesday, Friday. Trees planted from liners, #3, and #15 con- tainers received 3.8 L three times daily May through August 2009; volume was increased to 5 L three times daily through early November 2009 when it was adjusted to 2.5 L three times daily. Trees planted from liners, #3, #15, and #45 containers received 7 L three times daily March 2010 through April 2011. All trees received 9.5 L (May), 11 L (June), and 15 L (July 2011) three times daily until early November 2012 when it was adjusted to 15 L twice daily. In May 2013, 15 L was applied three times daily through ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2016
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