168 Gilman et al.: Nursery Root Pruning and Tree Orientation at Planting on Growth and Anchorage Johnson, G.R., and R. Hauer. 2002. A practitioner’s guide to stem girdling roots of trees:Krasowski, M.J. 2003. Root system modi- fications by nursery culture reflect on post-planting growth and development of coniferous seedlings. Forestry Chronicle 79:882–891. Lindgren O., and G. Örlander. 1978. A study on root development and stability of 6 to 7-year old container plants. pp. 142–144. In: E. Van Eerden and J.M. Kinghorn (Eds.). Proc. of the Root Form of Planted Trees Symp., Victoria, BC, Canada. 16–19 May 1978. Canadian Forest Service, B.C., Joint Report No. 8. Lindström, A., C. Hellqvist, and E. Stattin. 2005. Mini Seedlings—A New Forest Regeneration System. pp. 56–58. In: The Thin Green Line: A symposium on the state-of-the-art in reforestation. On- tario Forest Research Institute, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1235 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Marshall, M.D., and E.F. Gilman. 1998. Effects of nursery con- tainer type on root growth and landscape establishment of Acer rubrum L. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16:55–59. Ortega, U., J. Majada, A. Mena-Petite, J. Sanchez-Zabala, N. Rodri- guez-Itturrizar, K. Txarterina, J. Azpitarte, and M. Duñabeitia. 2006. Field performance of Pinus radiata D. Don produced in nursery with different types of containers. New Forests 31:97–112. Ruter, J.M. 1993. Growth and landscape performance of three land- scape plants produced in conventional and pot-in-pot produc- tions systems. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11:124–127. Salonius, P., K. Beaton, and B. Roze. 2000. Effects of cell size and spacing on root density and field performance of container- reared black spruce. Information Report M-X-208E, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Frederickton, New Brunswick, Canada. SAS Institute, Inc. 1992. SAS/STAT users guide, version 9.1.3. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, U.S. Smith, I.E., and P.D. McCubbin. 1992. Effect of copper tray treatment on Eucalyptus grandis (Hill Ex Maiden) seedling growth. In: M. Hayashi, A. Kano, and E. Goto (Eds.). International Symposium on transplant production systems. Acta Horticulture 319. Stokes, A. 1999. Strain distribution during anchorage failure of Pinus pinaster Ait. at different ages and tree growth response to wind-induced root movement. Plant and Soil 217:17–27. Stout, B.B. 1956. Studies of the root systems of deciduous trees. Black Forest Bulletin 15. Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, New York: Harvard University 45 pp. Struve, D.K. 1993. Effect of copper-treated containers on transplant survival and regrowth of four tree species. Journal of Environ- mental Horticulture 11:196–199. Tate, R.L. 1980. Detection, description and treatment of girdling roots on urban Norway maple trees. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan. Watson, G.W., and E.B. Himelick. 1982. Root distribution of nursery trees and its relationship to transplanting. Journal of Arboricul- ture 8:305–310. Edward F. Gilman (corresponding author) University of Florida Environmental Horticulture 1533 Fifield Hall Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.
[email protected] Maria Paz University of Florida Environmental Horticulture 1533 Fifield Hall Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S. Chris Harchick University of Florida Environmental Horticulture 1533 Fifield Hall Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S. ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture
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