152 MATERIALS AND METHODS Site Description The study was conducted in 6 South German cities, Munich (48°09′N, 11°35′E), Würzburg (49°48′N, 9°56′E), Nuremberg (49°27′N, 11°4′E), Bayreuth (49°56′N, 11°34′E), Hof (50°18′N, 11°54′E), and Kempten (47°43′N, 10°18′E), from 2014 to 2017. Figure 1 provides an overview of the geographical location of the cities as well as the sites of the mea- sured trees across the cities. The cities were chosen due to their different climatic characteristics (Table 1). Of all 6 cities, Hof and Kempten are the coldest, with an average yearly temperature of 7.5 °C and 7.4 °C, respectively. Kempten is also characterized by the highest amount of yearly precipitation (1,257 mm). Würzburg is the warmest city together with Munich, both having a yearly temperature average of 9.6 °C, though Würzburg is the driest city of all chosen cities, Moser-Reischl et al: Urban Tree Growth Characteristics in South Germany Table 1. Climate characteristics of the long-term mean (1965–2015) of the selected cities derived from DWD (2018). City Bayreuth Hof Kempten Munich Nuremberg Würzburg Temperature (°C) 8.4 7.5 7.4 9.6 9.2 9.6 Precipitation (mm yr-1 ) 728 716 1,257 960 634 599 Altitude ASL (m) 340 491 674 519 312 177 with a yearly precipitation of 599 mm. Kempten is located at highest altitude of 674 m above sea level (ASL), while Würzburg is located at 177 m ASL. Data Collection Altogether, 553 T. cordata, 448 P. × hispanica, 412 R. pseudoacacia, and 590 A. hippocastanum were Figure 1. Selected cities and the measured individual trees across the cities. The background map of Bavaria, Germany shows the location and the climate (average precipitation in July) of the selected cities (Rötzer et al. 1997). The maps of the cities provide the sampling sites of the measured tree species: A. hippocastanum (brown), R. pseudoacacia (red), T. cordata (green), and P. × hispanica (blue)(ESRI 2019). ©2021 International Society of Arboriculture
July 2021
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