Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 47(4): July 2021 Effect of the Planting Site on the Species Specific Structure and Growth Park trees of all species showed the highest average DBH compared to trees at squares and streets (Figure 6). However, while DBH of park trees differed signifi- cantly from trees at squares and streets for R. pseudo- acacia, only streets trees were markedly different from park trees for the DBH of T. cordata, while trees at squares showed significant differences to park trees for A. hippocastanum and P. × hispanica. In total, trees of P. × hispanica showed a more uniform DBH growth regardless of growing site, while trees planted in squares showed the smallest DBH for A. hippocastanum, and street trees showed the smallest DBH for T. cordata. Similar results were found when looking at average tree height of all individuals of one species per type of growing site. For all species, park trees were the tallest, which were also significantly different from the street and square site categories. Only for P. × hispanica were park trees not significantly taller than street trees. For R. pseudoacacia, A. hippocastanum, and P. × hispanica, trees at squares were smallest regarding tree height, while street trees of T. cordata showed the smallest tree height. Influence of Surrounding Trees and Buildings The available above- and belowground space for tree development in cities of South Germany and its influ- ences on tree structures were estimated. Figure 7 presents the average unsealed area around the tree stem (e.g., grass, soil) and distance from the tree stem to buildings and other trees for each intercardinal direction (N, NE, etc.) pooled for each city, species, and site, as well as the average crown radius of all measured trees. The center of each circular plot rep- resents the individual tree location. Clear differences were found between cities regarding the unsealed area around a tree. Especially in Hof, urban trees are growing in significantly smaller tree pits (P < 0.001), similar in size to the average crown radius. In Würz- burg, the tree pits have the greatest size. Overall, the unsealed area was in most cases distributed evenly around the trees, and no exceptions were found for a direction. Similar results regarding the uniformity of unsealed area around the tree trunk were found when looking at the unsealed area of each species and growing location. T. cordata and R. pseudoacacia 159 R. pseudoacacia 100 50 0 Park 10 20 30 0 Park *** Square Street *** 10 20 30 Square Street 0 Park *** *** 100 50 0 Park *** Square Street *** * 10 20 30 Square Street 0 Park T. cordata ** 100 50 0 Park *** Square Street *** *** 10 20 30 Square Street 0 Park A. hippocastanum *** *** * 100 50 0 Park *** Square Street *** P. × hispanica Square Street Figure 6. Boxplots of diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution (upper row) and tree height distribution (lower row) of R. pseudoacacia, T. cordata, A. hippocastanum, and P. × hispanica grown at parks, squares, and streets for all cities pooled together. * : P < 0.05, ** : P < 0.01, *** : P < 0.001. ©2021 International Society of Arboriculture Tree Height [m] DBH [cm] Tree Height [m] DBH [cm] Tree Height [m] DBH [cm] Tree Height [m] DBH [cm]
July 2021
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