20 Doccola et al.: Trunk-Injected Imidacloprid for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ———. 1998. Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (An- nand). The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Fact Sheet. McClure, M.S., S.M. Salom, and K.S. Shields. 1996. Hem- lock Woolly Adelgid. Forest Health Technology Enter- prise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV. Neely, D. 1988. Tree wound closure. Journal of Arboriculture 14:148–152. Oren, R., J.S. Sperry, G.G. Katul, D.E. Pataki, B.E. Ewers, N. Phillips, and K.V.R. Schäfer. 1999. Survey and synthesis of intra- and interspecific variation in stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit. Plant, Cell & Environment 22: 1515–1526. Pearce, R.B. 2000. Decay development and its restriction in trees. Journal of Arboriculture 26:1–11. Potter, D.A., L. Foss, R.E. Baumler, and D.W. Held. 2002. Managing eastern tent caterpillars Malacosoma america- num (F) on horse farms to reduce risk of mare reproduc- tive loss syndrome. Preliminary results presented at the First Workshop on Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Rômulo, P.S. Jr., J.H. Smelt, J.J.T.I. Boesten, R.F.A. Hen- driks, E.A. Sjoerd, and T.M. van der Zee. 2004. Prefer- ential flow of bromide, bentazon, and imidacloprid in a Dutch clay soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 33: 1473–1486. Sanchez-Zamora, M.A., and R. Fernandez-Escobar. 2004. Uptake and distribution of trunk injections in conifers. 2004. Journal of Arboriculture 30:73–79. Schulze, E.-D., J. Ermák, M. Matyssek, M. Penka, R. Zim- mermann, F. Vasícek, W. Gries, and J. Kuera. 1985. Canopy transpiration and water fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea trees—a comparison of xylem flow, porometer and cuvette measurements. Oecologia 66: 475–483. Shearer, B.L., C.E. Crane, and R.G. Fairman. 2004. Phos- phite reduces disease extension of a Phytophthora cin- namomi front in Banksia woodland, even after fire. Aus- tralasian Plant Pathology 33:249–254. Shigo, A.L. 1977. Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees. Agricultural Information Bulletin No. 405. USDA Forest Service. ———. 1979. Tree Decay: An Expanded Concept. Agricul- ture Information Bulletin No. 419. USDA Forest Service. ———. 1984. Compartmentalization: A conceptual frame- work for understanding how trees grow and defend them- selves. Annual Review of Phytopathology 22:189–214. ———. 1989. A New Tree Biology: Facts, Photos, and Phi- losophies on Trees and Their Problems and Proper Care. 2nd Ed. Shigo and Trees, Associates. Durham, NH. ———. 1991. Modern Arboriculture: A Systems Approach to the Care of Trees and Their Associates. Shigo and Trees, Associates. Durham, NH. ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture Tattar, T.A., J.A. Dotson, M.S. Ruizzo, and V.B. Bruce. 1998. Translocation of imidacloprid in three tree species when trunk and soil injected. Journal of Arboriculture 24:54–56. Tattar, T.A., and S.J. Tattar. 1999. Evidence for the down- ward movement of materials injected into trees. Journal of Arboriculture 25:325–332. Tyree, M.T., and F.W. Ewers. 1991. The hydraulic architec- ture of trees and other woody plants. The New Phytologist 119:345–360. Ward, J.S., C.A.S.-J. Cheah, M.E. Montgomery, B.P. Onken, and R.S. Cowles. 2004. Eastern hemlock forests: Guide- lines to minimize the impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Pri- vate Forestry. Webb, R.E., J.R. Frank, and M.J. Raupp. 2003. Eastern hem- lock recovery from hemlock woolly adelgid damage fol- lowing imidacloprid therapy. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 298–302. Young, L.C. 2002. The efficacy of micro-injected imidaclo- prid and oxydemeton-methyl on red gum eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) infested with red gum lerp psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei). Journal of Arboricul- ture 28:144–147. Joseph J. Doccola (corresponding author) Research and Development Director Arborjet Inc. 99 Blueberry Hill Rd. Woburn, MA, 01801, U.S.
[email protected] Eric J. Bristol Research and Development Supervisor Arborjet Inc. 99 Blueberry Hill Rd. Woburn, MA, 01801, U.S. Samantha D. Sifleet Research and Development Associate Arborjet Inc. 99 Blueberry Hill Rd. Woburn, MA, 01801, U.S. Joseph Lojko Research and Development Associate Arborjet Inc. 99 Blueberry Hill Rd. Woburn, MA, 01801, U.S. Peter M. Wild Consulting Arborist Arborjet Inc. 99 Blueberry Hill Rd. Woburn, MA, 01801, U.S.
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