258 Goodrich et al.: Roadside Vegetation and MgCl2 Dust Suppressants The relationships observed among increasing visible damage, increasing MgCl2 application rates, and the increase in damage observed in the downslope positions from the road also help rule out biotic damage causes such as common fungal pathogens or insects as the sole agents responsible for declining roadside veg- etation condition. Potentially, stress induced by an increase in MgCl2 exposure to roadside environments may predispose veg- etation to such biotic stresses, and a more intensive study to quantify these relationships is currently underway. CONCLUSIONS The majority of roadside vegetation surveyed along nonpaved roads in both counties was considered healthy or only mildly damaged, and the degree of this damage was dependent on spe- cies and slope position. Although some severely damaged veg- etation occurred along most roads regardless of maintenance or MgCl2 treatment procedures, a higher occurrence of severe dam- age was observed on many roadside species along roads treated with MgCl2. From this survey, we conclude that some species growing alongside nonpaved roads in Larimer and Grand Coun- ties, Colorado, were negatively affected by the application of MgCl2-based dust suppression products. Visible health condition declined in relation to increasing MgCl2 application rates for several species and was potentially directly and indirectly related to maintenance procedures by the position they were from the road center. Further research to more extensively study the dis- tribution of MgCl2 ions, nutrients, and incidence of potential biotic damage agents in roadside soils and foliage along these nonpaved roads is needed. Acknowledgments. This project was primarily funded by the Larimer County Road and Bridge Department and the Grand County Department of Road and Bridge, Colorado, along with other Colorado counties in the Colorado Association of Road Supervisors and Engineers (CARSE). We appreciate additional funding and housing from USFS, Sulfur and Can- yon Lakes Districts. We thank Katharine Slota and Angela Hill for excellent data collection and Dr. Ned Tisserat and Dr. Howard Schwartz for early revisions of the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Addo, J.Q., T.G. Sanders, and M. Chenard. 2004. Road Dust Suppres- sion: Effect on Maintenance Stability, Safety, and the Environment Phases 1–3. www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/ugpti/MPC_Pubs/html/ MPC04-156/index.html (accessed 5/1/2005). Cranshaw, W., W.R. Jacobi, D. Leatherman, L. Mannix, C. Rodriguez, and D. Weitzel (Co-eds.). 2000. Colorado State University Coopera- tive Extension Service. Insects and Diseases of Woody Plants of the Central Rockies. 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