268 believe urban people understand some specific forestry objec- tives, such as the link between forests and wood products, but not many others. (Journal of Forestry 2007. 105(6):285–292) ASSESMENT OF URBAN FORESTRY RESEARCH AND RESEARCH NEEDS IN NORDIC AND BALTIC COUNTRIES C. Konijnendijk, A. Nielsen, J. Schipperijn, Y. Rosenblad, H. Sander, M. Sarv, K. Mäkinen, L. Tyrväinen, J. Donis, V. Gundersen, U. Åkerlund, and R. Gustavsson A review of research and research needs in urban forestry was carried out in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden during 2005. A questionnaire addressing post-2000 and ongoing research was sent to 146 researchers and generated 76 completed questionnaires. Universities were found to lead urban forestry research, while municipalities headed funding organisa- tions in terms of number of projects funded. Planning, ecological and management aspects were the most common research themes, but socially oriented research also played an important role. The research needs questionnaire was sent to 192 key re- search actors (assignors, users and researchers), resulting in 63 completed needs assessments. The research themes of ‘urban forest management’, ‘social and cultural values’ and ‘urban for- est and green planning’ were prioritised for future research. Comparison of ongoing research and research needs showed discrepancies, as ongoing research does not always cover the same themes identified as primary research needs. Priorities for future research as identified by the research community respec- tive those assigning and using research also differed. Economic assessment of benefits, for example, scored much higher as a need among researchers than other respondents. In terms of pre- sent weaknesses in the research ‘infrastructure’, research actors emphasised lack of funding, fragmentation of research and in- sufficient critical mass. The region’s urban forestry research can be enhanced and made more meaningful by strengthening na- tional and international networking within the research commu- nity, across disciplines, as well as between researchers and those commissioning and using research. (Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 2007. 6(4):297–305) Arboricultural Abstracts URBAN FORESTS AS COMPENSATION MEASURES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Erik Skärbäck Sustainable development requires, among other things, that de- velopment projects not result in the degradation of natural re- sources for outdoor recreation. There has been a rapid increase in knowledge regarding the importance of the external environment to our health and well-being. Stress is reduced significantly when people are exposed to health-promoting nature and landscape values. Many people are actively choosing to reduce their stress. Doctors today prescribe outdoor walks in peaceful environments for the same purpose. A high level of traffic noise increases stress. This paper discusses the application of silent values in an infrastructure development project, the extension of Sturup Air- port, east of Malmö, Sweden and Copenhagen, Denmark. Through estimating the change in noise resulting from the de- velopment, it is possible to integrate mitigating and compensat- ing measures in the planning process discussions. Such measures can be negotiated as conditions for authorization of the project. The airport is situated in an area rich in nature values for recre- ation. The airport expansion will mean both new noise impacting “silent” areas and increasing noise levels in already noise- affected areas. In this study, we have taken a positive stand on the silent areas, mostly agriculture land, where compensation measures could be taken, thus balancing the loss of silent nature values for recreation. Silent areas that will not be affected are suitable and feasible for compensation measures thus can be called compensation areas. In this way the development of new recreational areas, preferably designed as urban forests, are criti- cal preconditions for the negotiations for the airport extension. The conclusion is that urban forest investments for health and well-being can be an important part of strategic decisions in spatial planning. As preconditions for a permit, the development and financing of new urban forests and green areas can be part of the total development plan. This is an issue of global interest, as many countries are in a process of rapid urbanization, and urban greening and urban forestry have an important role to play in the process of promoting quality of life and improving envi- ronmental quality. (Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 2007. 6(4):279–285) THE LANDSCAPE BELOW GROUND III An International Conference on Tree Root Development in Urban Soils October 6–8, 2008 Lisle, Illinois, U.S. For complete information and a schedule of pre-conference workshops and tours, conference program, registration, and hotel reservations, please visit www.LandscapeBelowGround.org or call The Morton Arboretum: +1 (630) 719-2468. Topics will include • Urban soil properties • Urban soil environment • Root space under pavement • Construction management • Root system stability • Root establishment after planting • Root depth and architecture ©2008 International Society of Arboriculture
July 2008
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