ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU URBAN FORESTRY Volume 33, Issue 3, May 2007 & CONTENTS thrin; Phloeosinus cristatus; Urban Forestry. Paul D. Ries, A. Scott Reed, and Sarah J. Kresse The Impact of Statewide Urban Forestry Programs: A Survey of Cities in Oregon, U.S. ......................................................................................................................168 Abstract. All 50 U.S. states have a state urban forestry program that provides assistance to cities. Statewide surveys of city urban forestry lead- ers are a common tool for assessing urban forestry needs and accomplishments. Oregon has conducted two such comprehensive surveys, in 1992 and 2004. The 2004 survey was designed to gain insight into the scope and extent of the urban forest resource in Oregon to measure local program accomplishment since 1992 and to measure the impact of a statewide urban forestry assistance program. The survey had a return rate of 51%, and the results show differences among small, medium, and large communities. Results show that Oregon cities have made sig- nificant gains in urban forest management over the last 12 years. The data reveal insights of local urban foresters relative to tree-related issues and outcomes of local efforts. This research illustrates the impact a state urban forestry assistance program can have on local program accom- plishment. Oregon cities that have received state assistance are more likely to have urban forestry program components such as tree ordi- nances and inventories, are more likely to be Tree City USA communities, and are more likely to be investing in urban forestry activities. Key Words. Performance Measurement; Program Assessment; Program Impact; Small Communities; Urban and Community Forestry; Urban Forestry Planning. Henry D. Gerhold Crabapple Cultivars Tested As Street Trees: Third Report ..................................................................................176 Abstract. Through the Municipal Tree Restoration Program, cooperators planted 22 crabapple (Malus) cultivars in 31 communities for evalu tion as street trees, typically comparing two in each community. Standardized measurements in years 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 revealed differ- ences in height, crown width, and foliage health. These are useful for selecting the most appropriate cultivars for various site conditions. Only the tallest cultivars, ‘Spring Snow’ and ‘Red Barron’, have reached an average height of 6.5 to 6.7 m (21.5 to 22 ſt) in 12 years, which is still below most ele tric distribution lines. Yearly growth patterns varied somewhat among locations and cultivars. The rate of height growth of most cultivars has been declining during years 9 to 12, and in many cases appears to be leveling off at heights between 4 and 6 m (13.2 and 19.8 ſt). Red Jewel®, Sugar Tyme®, and Centurion® have narrower crowns, whereas others are still enlarging. Foliage health remained good to excellent throughout the su mer on all but seven of the cultivars, and even these retained more than half of their leaves in good condition. Key Words. Crabapple Cultivars; Malus; Performance Testing; Street Tree Evaluation. Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Tom DeGomez, Christopher J. Hayes, John A. Anhold, Joel D. McMillin, and Karen M. Clancy Evaluation of Insecticides for Protecting Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) and One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) from Attack by Phloeosinus Bark Beetles .........................162 Abstract. We evaluated the effectiveness of carbaryl, bifenthrin, and permethrin in protecting Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica) and one seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) from attack by two bark beetles (Phloeosinus spp.). Spray formulations of 2.0% carbaryl (Sevin SL), 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin (Onyx), and 0.19% permethrin (Permethrin Plus C) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) of Arizona cypress for their effectiveness in preventing Phloeosinus cristatus attack and colonization. P. cristatus broods were produced in all of the Arizona cypress control bolts. Bifenthrin provided 80% and 70% protection by the 0.06% and 0.03% formulations, respectively, whereas 0.19% permethrin and 2.0% carbaryl treatments provided <70% protection. Insecticide sprays (1.0% carbaryl, 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin, and 0.19% permethrin) were tested for prevention of P. scopulorum neomexicanus attack and colonization on one-seed juniper bolts. Bark beetle galleries were pres- ent in 62.5% of the one-seed juniper control bolts. Data on the presence versus absence of P. scopulorum neomexicanus galleries indicated that the 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin and 0.19% permethrin treatments provided 90% protection and the 1.0% carbaryl spray was 80% effec- tive at preventing colon zation. The 0.06% bifenthrin formulation provided the best protection against both species of Phloeosinus beetles. Key Words. Arizona Cypress; Bark Beetle; Bifenthrin; Carbaryl; Insecticides; One-Seed Juniper; P. scopulorum neomexicanus; Perme- ©2007 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
May 2007
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