162 DeGomez et al.: Protecting Cypress and Juniper from Bark Beetles Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2007. 33(3):162–167. Evaluation of Insecticides for Protecting Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) and One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) from Attack by Phloeosinus Bark Beetles Tom DeGomez, Christopher J. Hayes, John A. Anhold, Joel D. McMillin, and Karen M. Clancy Abstract. We evaluated the effectiveness of carbaryl, bifenthrin, and permethrin in protecting Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) from attack by two bark beetles (Phloeosinus spp.). Spray formulations of 2.0% carbaryl (Sevin SL), 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin (Onyx), and 0.19% permethrin (Permethrin Plus C) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) of Arizona cypress for their effectiveness in preventing Phloeosinus cristatus attack and colonization. P. cristatus broods were produced in all of the Arizona cypress control bolts. Bifenthrin provided 80% and 70% protection by the 0.06% and 0.03% formulations, respectively, whereas 0.19% permethrin and 2.0% carbaryl treatments provided <70% protection. Insecticide sprays (1.0% carbaryl, 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin, and 0.19% permethrin) were tested for prevention of P. scopulorum neomexicanus attack and colonization on one-seed juniper bolts. Bark beetle galleries were present in 62.5% of the one-seed juniper control bolts. Data on the presence versus absence of P. scopulorum neomexicanus galleries indicated that the 0.03% and 0.06% bifenthrin and 0.19% permethrin treatments provided 90% protection and the 1.0% carbaryl spray was 80% effective at preventing colonization. The 0.06% bifenthrin formulation provided the best protection against both species of Phloeosinus beetles. Key Words. Arizona cypress; bark beetle; bifenthrin; carbaryl; insecticides; one-seed juniper; P. scopulorum neomexi- canus; permethrin; Phloeosinus cristatus; urban forestry. The phloeophagous bark beetles in the genus Phloeosinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) contains 27 species recorded in north and central America; they primarily infest trees and shrubs of Taxodioideae and Cupressineae (Wood 1982). In central Arizona, U.S., Phloeosinus-induced mortal- ity has been observed in Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizo- nica), one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma), and alliga- tor juniper (J. deppeana). Current high levels of mortality (USDA Forest Service 2005) and the limited range of Ari- zona cypress are of concern, causing land managers, ar- borists, homeowners, and others to consider measures to pro- tect mature high-value trees. Phloeosinus cristatus and P. scopulorum neomexicanus are little-studied species of bark beetles. Wood (1982) gives some information on their description, distribution, and biol- ogy. P cristatus is found from California to Arizona, U.S. and Durango, Mexico, using Cupressus arizonica, C. forbseii., C. macrocarpa, Juniperus spp., and Thuja spp. as hosts. Young adults of this species feed by tunneling into the pith of small, healthy twigs. After twig feeding, fully mature adults emerge and attack the lower bole and larger branches, where they form their galleries. P. scopulorum neomexicanus is very ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture common in Utah, ranging from south Idaho to Texas, using C. arizonica, J. deppeana, J. monosperma, and J. osteo- sperma. This species attacks cut or injured limbs and the bole of live trees; however, the twig-feeding habit described pre- viously has not been observed. In general, Phloeosinus is thought to have between one and 1.5 generations per year with attacks occurring in the spring and summer (Furniss and Carolin 1977). Liquid insecticides (primarily carbaryl-based formulations) have been evaluated for their effectiveness as treatments to prevent infestation and subsequent brood production by Den- droctonus bark beetles in healthy individual high-value co- nifers in the western United States (Smith et al. 1977; Hall et al. 1982; McCambridge 1982; Shea et al. 1984; Gibson and Bennett 1985; Haverty et al. 1985; Shea and McGregor 1987; Hastings et al. 2001). However, several questions remain concerning the use of preventive sprays for bark beetles. First, differences in the efficacy of preventive treatments among geographic regions and species of bark beetles (re- viewed in Hastings et al. 2001) imply that tests of insecticides should be species and regionally specific. Field tests of car- baryl have not been conducted to determine if it is effective
May 2007
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Ai generated response may be inaccurate.
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success.
Downloading PDF
Generating your PDF, please wait...
This process might take longer please wait
