Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33(3): May 2007 217 to being effective, Surround has no restricted entry time, which is a major advantage in nursery production systems where reentry restrictions to sprayed areas can interfere with production activities. The availability of products that allow safe reentry to treated areas reduces the hazard of accidental human pesticide exposure. These products would also be use- ful additions in landscape settings. Acknowledgments. We thank Qian Zhang, Mario Keri, Nadeer Youssef, Hongyan Sheng, Andrew Trivette, Debbie Eskandarnia, Laura Oma, Crystal Lemings, Joshua Basham, and Caleb West for their assistance during these studies. This project was funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Strategic Agricultural Initia- tive Project No. 97437601 LITERATURE CITED Bélanger, R.R., and C. Labbé. 2002. Control of powdery mildew without chemicals: Prophylactic and biological alternatives for horticultural crops, pp. 256–267. In The Powdery Mildews: Comprehensive Treatise. Bélanger, R.R., Bushnell, W.R., Dik, A.J., and Carver, T.L.W., Eds. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. Bradley, J.R. Jr. 1999. Integrating new insecticide technolo- gies in IPM, pp. 384–399. In Proc. Emerging Technolo- gies for Integrated Pest Management. Concepts, Research, and Implementation, 8–10 March 1999. Kennedy, G.G., and Sutton, T.B., Eds. APS Press, Raleigh, NC. Clement, D.L., S.A. Gill, and W. Potts. 1994. Alternative to powdery mildew control in lilac. Journal of Arboriculture 20:227–230. Daughtrey, M.L., and A.K. Hagan. 2001. Dogwood diseases, pp. 124–132. In Diseases of Woody Ornamentals and Trees in Nurseries. Jones, R.K., and Benson, M.D., Eds. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. Ellis, M.A., D.C. Ferree, and D.E. Spring. 1981. Photosyn- thesis, transpiration, and carbohydrate content of apple leaves infected by Podosphaera leucotricha. Phytopathol- ogy 71:392–395. Garber, M.P., and W.G. Hudson. 1996. Pest management in the United States greenhouse and nursery industry: Intro- duction and perspective. HortTechnology 6:194–221. Gomez, K.A., and A.A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. 679 pp. Hagan, A., and J. Mullen. 1995. Controlling powdery mildew on ornamentals. Alabama Coop. Ext. Sys. Cir. ANR-407. Held, D.W., T. Eaton, and D.A. Potter. 2001. Potential for habituation to a neem-based feeding deterrent in Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica. Entomol. Exper. Applic. 101: 25–32. Horsfall, J.G., and R.W. Barratt. 1945. An improved grading system for measuring plant disease (Abstr.). Phytopathol- ogy 35:655. Horst, R.K., S.O. Kawamoto, and L.L. Porter. 1992. Effect of sodium bicarbonate and oils on the control of powdery mildew and black spot of roses. Plant Disease 76: 247–251. Horst, R.K. 1995. Compendium of Rose Diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. 50 pp. Isman, M.B. 1994. Botanical insecticides. Pesticide Outlook 5:6–30. Jones, R.K., and D.M. Benson. 2004. Diseases of woody ornamentals and tree nurseries. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. 482 pp. Ladd, T.L. Jr., M. Jacobson, and C.R. Buriff. 1978. Japanese beetles: Extracts from neem tree seeds as feeding deter- rents. Journal of Economic Entomology 71:810–813. Landolt, P.J., R.W. Hofstetter, and L.L. Biddick. 1999. Plant essential oils as arrestants and repellents for neonate lar- vae of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Envi- ronmental Entomology 28:954–960. Locke, J.C. 1992. Comparison of neem oil Sunspray 6E Plus, horticultural oil and benlate for control of powdery mil- dew on greenhouse hydrangea. Phytopathology 82:1121. ———. 1993. Field evaluation of clarified neem seed oil, Sunspray 6E Plus Horticultural oil and Funginex for con- trol of powdery mildew on perennial garden phlox. Pyto- pathology. 83:1337. Mmbaga, M.T., and H. Sheng. 2002. Evaluation of biora- tional products for powdery mildew management in Cor- nus florida. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20: 113–117. Mmbaga, M.T., and R.J. Sauvé. 2004. Management of pow- dery mildew in flowering dogwood with biorational prod- ucts and fungicides. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84:837–844. Philley, G., A.K. Hagan, and A.R. Chase. 2001. Rose dis- eases, pp. 342–348. In Diseases of Woody Ornamentals and Trees in Nurseries. Jones, R.K., and Benson, M.D., Eds. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. 481 pp. SAS Institute. 1990. SAS/STAT Users Guide, Version 6. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. 890 pp. Schlotzauer, S.D., and R.C. Littell. 1987. SAS system for elementary statistical analysis. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. 416 pp. Scott, I.M., H. Jensen, R. Nicol, L. Lesage, R. Bradbury, P. Sanchez-Vindas, L. Poveda, J.T. Arnason, and B.J.R. Philogene. 2004. Efficacy of Piper (Piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insects pests. Journal of Economic Entomology 97:1390–1403. Shi, A., and M.T. Mmbaga. 2006. Perpetuation of powdery ©2007 International Society of Arboriculture
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