280 Hoy et al: Business Outlook of Private Urban Forestry in the Northeast-Midwest US MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Region and the Survey This study is part of a broader project focusing on economic contribution analyses of urban and com- munity forestry in 20 Northeast-Midwest states and Washington DC in the United States (Figure 1). The online survey was distributed by the University of Wisconsin Survey Center (UWSC). The 16-question instrument began with an eligibility question to deter- mine if private businesses were active in 2018 in any of the study areas. Respondents were allowed to skip questions and permitted to exit the survey and return to finish at any point until the deadline or until they reached the final screen and submitted their survey. Survey administration included an initial email invi- tation with a Qualtrics (Qualtrics XM; Seattle, WA, USA) hyperlink, followed by 3 email reminders, fol- lowing the approach of Dillman et al. (2014). No incentives were offered. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at North Carolina State University reviewed and approved the survey instrument and the administration procedure as exempt for human subject research as outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations. Email contacts of private businesses involved in the green industry were purchased from Exact Data (Chicago, IL, USA)(Exact Data 2022), which com- piles businesses’ contact information according to North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. Each industry type has an individual NAICS code that corresponds to specific business characteristics of that industry. For this study, we obtained 27,143 email contacts across 21,921 different companies involved in landscaping services (NAICS 561730); nursery and florist’s supplies merchant wholesalers (NAICS 424930); farm and garden equip- ment wholesalers (NAICS 423820); nursery, green- house, and tree production (NAICS 111421); nursery and garden supplies stores (NAICS 444220); and landscape architectural services (NAICS 541320) in the study region. Approximately 600 responses were recorded in Qualtrics, but 224 of them were partially completed. The paired 2-sample T-test (Peck et al. 2012) Figure 1. Map depicting Washington DC and the 20 states involved in the study, including Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. ©2022 International Society of Arboriculture
September 2022
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