Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 48(5): September 2022 While our survey administration procedure started prior to the pandemic, several respondents referenced the global health crisis while reporting their outlook on urban forestry activities. Many referenced the pan- demic as an overall economic deterrent to economic growth, implying that the state of their business is dependent on how the economy recovers from the national lockdowns. Some responses indicated that the pandemic positively influenced the economic success of their businesses, while others still recog- nized the global health crisis would have long-term negative impacts on the fate of their business. The lat- ter respondents would most likely agree with the 37% of the Tree Care Industry Association (TCIA) mem- bers who reported the economy will be “worse than now” in the near future (Tree Care Industry Associa- tion 2021). Following the previous substantial eco- nomic fluctuation, the Great Recession of 2007 to 2009, Hall and Dickson (2011) indicated that con- sumers were willing to purchase landscaping and home-renovation items to enhance their quality of life and well-being. Consumer willingness to purchase green industry products and services during and fol- lowing major economic events could infer a positive prospect of urban forestry in the post-pandemic era. A lower survey response rate in this regional survey is worth mentioning. A higher response rate is always preferable, but there has been a declining response rate over the last 30 years, and there has yet to be an agreed upon acceptable response rate throughout the scientific community (Cleary et al. 2021b). Low response rate may have been due to the region surveyed, but we cannot be sure as we did not follow up with the respondents asking for the reasons for not completing the survey (Cleary et al. 2021a). Over-surveying has been found to negatively affect the response rate (Manfreda et al. 2008), leading us to believe respon- dents may have been overstimulated and over-surveyed during the response window. Responding to this sur- vey could have been a low priority for many busi- nesses during the pandemic, when the entire world was grappling with the first wave of COVID-19. LITERATURE CITED Austin ME. 2002. Partnership opportunities in neighborhood tree planting initiatives: Building from local knowledge. Journal of Arboriculture. 28(4):178-186. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf .2002.026 Brant R. 1990. Assessing proportionality in the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression. Biometrics. 46(4):1171-1178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2532457 289 Brethour C, Watson G, Sparling B, Bucknell D, Moore T. 2007. Literature review of documented health and environmental benefits derived from ornamental horticulture products: Final report. Executive Summary. Ottawa (Ontario, Canada): George Morris Centre. 69 p. [Accessed 2021 November 2]. https:// www.agrireseau.net/horticulture-arbresdenoel/documents/ Reports_Ornamentals_Health_Benefits.pdf CARES Act 2019-2020, S.3548, 116th Congress, 2nd Session. June 3, 2020. https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/ senate-bill/3548/text Cleary M, Joshi O, Fairbanks WS. 2021a. Mapping and modeling the components of human tolerance for black bears in eastern Oklahoma. Journal of Environmental Management. 288:112378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112378 Cleary M, Joshi O, Fairbanks WS. 2021b. Factors that determine human acceptance of black bears. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 85(3):582-592. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg .21999 Crompton J. 2004. The proximate principle: The impact of parks, open space and water features on residential property values and the property tax base. 2nd Ed. Ashburn (VA, USA): National Recreation and Park Association. 203 p. https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/316090725_THE _ PROXIMATE_PRINCIPLE_The_Impact_of_Parks_Open _Space_and_Water_Features_on_Residential_Property _Values_and_the_Property_Tax_Base Dillman DA, Smyth JD, Christian LM. 2014. Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method. 4th Ed. Indianapolis (IN, USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 528 p. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED565653 Donovan GH. 2017. Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 22:120-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017 .02.010 Elmendorf W, Cotrone VJ, Mullen JT. 2003. Trends in urban forestry practices, programs, and sustainability: Contrasting a Pennsylvania, U.S., study. Journal of Arboriculture. 29(4):237- 248. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2003.028 Exact Data. 2022. Exact Data: Mailing Lists and Leads. Chicago (IL, USA): Exact Data, Powered by Data Axle, USA. [Accessed 2021 November 2]. https://www.exactdata.com Falxa-Raymond N, Svendsen E, Campbell LK. 2013. From job training to green jobs: A case study for a young adult employ- ment program centered on environmental restoration in New York City, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 12(3):287- 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2013.04.003 FFCR (Families First Coronavirus Response) Act 2019-2020, H.R.6201, Public Law No. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178, 116th Congress. March 18, 2020. https://www.congress.gov/bill/ 116th-congress/house-bill/6201/text François DR, Marius T, Yan K, Villeneuve P. 2002. Landscaping and house values: An empirical investigation. Journal of Real Estate Research. 23(1-2):139-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10835547.2002.12091072 Gibbons KH, Ryan CM. 2015. Characterizing comprehensive- ness of urban forest management plans in Washington state. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 14(3):615-624. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.06.003 ©2022 International Society of Arboriculture
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