ARBORICULTURE ARBORICULTU & CONTENTS and 120 g/L). Solutions were applied once as 10-L drenches within 0.5 m from the trunks of live oaks (Quercus virginiana P. Miller). In a companion study, soil samples treated with the same carbohydrates and concentrations were studied under laboratory conditions. Carbon dioxide evolution was significantly impacted by glucose and starch applications. Glucose applications caused a significant increase in soil respiration compared with the control within a week aſter application, and it lasted two to three weeks. Elevated soil respiration was most noticeable in the field experiment for starch treatments; however, the increase in soil respiration for higher concentrations (120 g/L) did not become apparent until the fourth week aſter application and lasted eight to nine weeks. This knowledge about the differing durations and magnitude of glucose and starch on soil respiration may be useful for developing carbohydrate application regimes for soils where increase respiration is desirable for managing urban trees. Key Words: Carbohydrate Amendments; Soil Respiration; Sugars. Abstract. Research was conducted to investigate the effect of glucose and starch on soil respiration under live oaks. Soil from a field-grown tree nursery was amended with glucose (C6 H12 O6 ), starch (C6 H12 O6 )n , or a 50:50 mixture of both carbohydrates at increasing concentrations (0, 40, 80 Ram Pandit and David N. Laband A Hedonic Analysis of the Impact of Tree Shade on Summertime Residential Energy Consumption .................................................................................................................................. 73 Abstract. Trees cast shade on homes and buildings, lowering the inside temperatures and thus reducing the demand for power to cool these buildings during hot times of the year. Drawing from a large sample of residences in Auburn, Alabama, U.S., a statistical model was developed to produce specific estimates of the electricity savings generated by shade-producing trees in a suburban environment. This empirical model links residential energy consumption to hedonic characteristics of the structures, characteristics/ behaviors of the occupants, and the extent and density of shade cast on the Key Words: Electricity Usage; Economic Value; Shade Density; Shading Time; Tree Shade. structures at different times of the day. URBAN FORESTRY Volume 36, Issue 2, March 2010 Formerly the Journal of Arboriculture, 1975 – 2005 (Volumes 1 – 31) www.isa-arbor.com Donita L. Bryan, Michael A. Arnold, Astrid Volder, W. Todd Watson, Leonardo Lombardini, John J. Sloan, Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar, and Andrew D. Cartmill Transplant Season, Irrigation, and Planting Depth Effects on Landscape Establishment of Baldcypress and Sycamore ........................................................................................................ 57 Abstract. Tree transplanting practices influence plant survival, establishment, and subsequent landscape value. The inability to adequately quantify effects of transplanting practices threatens long-term sustainability of landscape trees. Planting depth [i.e., location of the root collar relative to soil grade (soil surface)], is of particular concern for tree growth, development, and landscape performance. The authors of this study investigated the effects of planting depth and transplant season on landscape establishment of baldcypress [Taxodium disti- chum (L.) Rich.] and effects of planting depth and irrigation practices on landscape establishment of sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.). Baldcypress planted above grade had reduced relative growth rate in height and diameter compared to those planted at or below grade dur- ing the first growing season, regardless of transplant season. Sycamore trees planted below grade had increased mortality and decreased growth compared to trees planted at grade or above grade, regardless of irrigation treatment. Even though trees of both species were grown under similar conditions, baldcypress was much more tolerant to belowgrade planting than sycamore. We suggest that this is related to the native habitat of both species, where baldcypress is frequently exposed to hypoxic conditions while sycamore is more prevalent on well-drained soils. Thus, it may be important to consider the native habitat of a species when evaluating the effect of planting depth. Key Words. Cultural Practices; Landscape Installation; Platanus occidentalis; Relative Growth Rate; Taxodium distichum. Tomás Martínez-Trinidad, W. Todd Watson, Michael A. Arnold, and Leonardo Lombardini Microbial Activity of a Clay Soil Amended with Glucose and Starch Under Live Oaks ................. 66 ©2010 | International Society of Arboriculture | ISSN:1935-5297
March 2010
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