Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36(3): March 2010 HSD tests. Differences among container sizes for survival were determined using Chi square tests. Statistical analyses were performed using the program JMP (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Although measurements were made yearly, the re- sults below reflect the status in 2007, five years post-planting. RESULTS Height Differences in varying aspects of height were found for all three species (Table 1; Figure 1). Baldcypress trees from the three container sizes differed significantly at time of planting (F = 86.48, P < 0.0001). At the end of five years, the #7 trees had grown significantly less (F = 19.22, P < 0.0001), and had a significantly smaller over- all height than either the #1 or #3 trees (F = 10.78, P < 0.001). At the time of planting, height of #3 and #1 red maples were not significantly different from each other, but both were significantly shorter than the #7 container-grown trees (F = 580.83, P < 0.0001). After five years, there was no significant difference in overall height among the three sizes (F = 0.44, P < 0.6436); however, trees grown 95 from both #1 and #3 container sizes showed a significantly greater change in height compared to the #7 trees (F = 8.11, P < 0.0005). At the time of planting, #3 longleaf pines were significantly taller than #1 longleaf pines (F = 158.38, P < 0.0001). Five years later, #3 trees exhibited significantly greater increase in height (F = 8.90, P < 0.0005) and overall height (F = 16.02, P < 0.0001) compared to #1 trees. Canopy Diameter Differences in canopy diameter were found for all three species (Table 1; Figure 2). Canopy diameter of baldcypress at time of planting was sig- nificantly different for all three sizes (F = 361.65, P < 0.0001). At the conclusion of the study, canopy diameter for the #3 and #7 baldcypress did not differ from one another, but were both significantly larger than the #1 (F = 81.26, P < 0.0001). Change in canopy diameter did not differ between #1 and #3, but both container-grown trees’ canopies were significantly great- er than trees grown in #7 containers (F = 23.07, P < 0.0001). At the time of planting, there was a significant difference in canopy diameter of red maple among the three container sizes (F = 279.43, P < 0.0001). At the study’s conclusion, there was no significant difference in canopy diameter between any of the three container sizes (F = 0.98, P < 0.3784); how- ever, the change in canopy diameter for both the #1 and #3 was significantly greater than for #7 (F = 5.96, P < 0.0035). At the time of planting, canopy diameter of longleaf pine was greater for #3 than for #1 trees (F = 15.27, P < 0.0001). At the study’s conclusion, overall canopy diam- eter of #3 container-grown trees was significantly greater than for #1 (F = 7.32, P < 0.0017). Change in canopy diame- ter was no different among #3 and #1 (F = 4.77, P < 0.0129). Figure 1. Height (mean ± SE) of baldcypress, red maple and lon- gleaf pine trees in #1, #3, and #7 container sizes at time of ini- tial planting and five years later. Shaded base is height at time of planting, nonshaded top section reflects five-year change in height; bar total represents cumulative five-year height. Refer- ence line shown at 3.7 m represents target height (the height re- quired to be attained within five years by regulatory permits). Survival Baldcypress survival differed among container sizes (χ2 = 10.76, P < 0.005). Survival was greatest for #3 trees at 74%, followed by 66% for the #7 trees, and 52% for the #1 trees. Red maple survival also differed among container sizes (χ2 = 17.67, P < 0.0001). Sur- vival was greatest for the #3 trees at 52%, followed by 33% for the #1 trees, and 24% for the #7 trees. Longleaf pine survival differed among container sizes (χ2 = 30.46, P < 0.0001). Survival was greatest for the #3 trees at 62%, followed by the #1 trees at 20%. Table 1. Summary of mean values in meters for canopy diameter and height at time of planting, change in canopy diameter and height over 5 years, and final canopy diameter and height after 5 years for baldcypress (container sizes #1, #3, and #7), red maple (sizes #1, #3, and #7), and longleaf pine (sizes #1 and #3). Species and Size Baldcypress #7 #3 #1 Red Maple #7 #3 #1 Longleaf Pine #3 #1 Height (m) At Planting 1.86 A 1.68 B 1.46 C 2.02 A 1.11 B 1.14 B 0.73 A 0.25 B 5 Yr Change 2.16 B 3.20 A 3.14 A 2.38 B 3.54 A 3.50 A 2.66 A 1.72 B 5 Yr Total 4.01 B 4.85 A 4.62 A 4.40 A 4.67 A 4.65 A 3.37 A 1.94 B Canopy Diameter (m) At Planting 0.98 A 0.55 B 0.43 C 0.89 A 0.38 B 0.30 C 0.71 A 0.57 B 5 Yr Change 1.28 B 1.77 A 1.65 A 1.62 B 2.26 A 2.12 A 1.28 A 0.88 A 5 Yr Total 2.27 A 2.30 A 2.04 B 2.51 A 2.66 A 2.43 A 1.97 A 1.44 B Letters following values indicate where significant differences within a column occur among container sizes for the selected species, e.g. baldcypress container sizes all had significantly different heights at time of planting. ©2010 International Society of Arboriculture
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