Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36(3): March 2010 2002), for the height and diameter growth from March 2006 to November 2006, and from March 2007 to November 2007. Statistical Design The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three transplant depths × two transplant seasons × ten blocks. There was one tree per treatment combination per block. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the JMP system for Windows, Release 7.02 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). 59 Young trees (liners) approximately 30 cm in height were transplanted after 250 days, into 2.6 L (#1) black plastic contain- ers (C-300S Classic, Nursery Supplies, Inc., Chambersburg, PA) and grown for approximately 70 days, after which the trees were transplanted into 6.2 L (#2) black plastic containers (Poly-Tainer™ 2, Nursery Supplies, Inc., Chambersburg, PA). Trees were trans- planted with substrate (composted pine bark mulch; Earth’s Fin- est Black Diamond Mulch, The LetCo Group, Dallas, TX) surface maintained at grade. Container substrate was amended and trees were maintained as previously described for baldcypress trees. Trees (mean height 120.0±0.9 cm, mean trunk diameter 9.5±0.1 mm were transplanted, after approximately 40 days (September 2005), into field conditions at the Horticulture Farm. Trees were transplanted at various depths in relation to their root collars (at grade, 7.6 cm below grade, or 7.6 cm above grade), and watered as required. Trees were staked [1.8 m bamboo stakes] and tied for support. Approximately two weeks after transplanting, trees were irrigated with 0, 1, 2, or 4 spray stakes (SS-AG160LGN-100, Lt. Green Low Flow 160 Spray Pattern, Aboveground Spot-Spitter® , Roberts Irrigation, San Marcos, CA) per tree at an approximate flow rate of 0 L·min-1, 0.42 L·min-1 (1/2× recommended rate, according to manufacturer label), 0.84 L·min-1 (0.22 gal·min-1 = 1× recommended rate), and 1.68 L·min-1 (0.44 gal·min-1 = 2× recommended rate), respectively. Trees were Figure 1. Reported daily precipitation events during the active growing season (March to September) in 2006 and 2007 (Office of the Texas State Climatologist, Department of Atmospheric Sci- ences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX). Experiment 2: Effect of Planting Depth and Irriga- tion on Growth and Landscape Establishment of Sycamore Cultural Conditions Sycamore cuttings were collected in September 2004 from stock plants (group of clones from open pollinated siblings) and grown under shade (55% light exclusion) in a graveled nursery at Texas A&M University Horticultural Gardens. Cuttings in- cluded the shoot apex and were approximately 9 cm in length. The basal 1 cm of each cutting was dipped in a commercial rooting powder (0.3% indole-3-butryic acid, Hormex No. 3, Brooker Chemical Corp., Chatsworth, CA) and inserted (to ap- proximately 1 cm depth) in 10 cm × 36 cm × 51 cm (18.4 L) black, plastic flats (Kadon, Corp., Dayton, OH) containing per- lite (Coarse Perlite Premium Grade, Sungro™ Horticulture, Pine Bluff, AR). Cuttings were placed in a greenhouse under intermit- tent mist (four seconds every 10 minutes from dawn to dusk). Uniform rooted cuttings were transplanted, after approximate- ly 20 days, into 0.946 L, black, plastic containers (Dillen Products, Middlefield, OH), with their root collars at the substrate (Metro- Mix® 700 Series, SUNGRO® , Bellevue, WA) surface (grade). Root collars were defined as the area where the topmost adventitious roots formed. Transplanted cuttings were transferred to the nurs- ery and maintained as previously described for baldcypress trees. pulse-irrigated for 10 minutes when soil water potential in the 1× treatment reached approximately -15 kPa (Model 2725, Jet- Fill Tensiometers, Soil Moisture Equipment Corp., Santa Bar- bara, CA). The soil had a textural analysis of 74% sand, 16% silt, and 10% clay (a sandy loam), contained 2.13% OM, pH 5.0, EC 0.099 dS·m-1 (ppm): 12 NO3 , and had nutrient levels with the following µg·g-1 -N, 40 P, 54 K, 277 Ca, 30 Mg, 14 S, 196 Na, 102.3 Fe, 0.51 Zn, 6.19 Mn, 0.28 Cu, and 0.08 B (Soil, Water, and Forage Testing Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX). The reported (Office of the Texas State Climatolo- gist) daily precipitation events during the active growing season (March to September) in 2006 and 2007 are presented in Figure 1. Plant Growth Parameters Tree height (soil line to apical tip), and trunk diameter [approximately 15 cm above soil/substrate line] were mea- sured every six months from start (September 2005) to end of the experiment (September 2007) with a digital caliper (Max-Cal “Blade” caliper, Fred V. Fowler Co. Inc., New- ton, MA). Tree survival was recorded one year after trans- plant. Relative growth rate was calculated as described by Hoffmann and Poorter (2002) for height and trunk diameter. Statistical Design The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four irrigation treatments × three transplant depths × ten blocks containing single plant replications per treatment combina- tion. Effects of irrigation and transplant depth on survival, tree height, and trunk diameter were analyzed using the ANOVA procedure in the JMP system for Windows, Release 7.0.2 (SAS Institute Inc.) with dead trees treated as missing data points. ©2010 International Society of Arboriculture
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