Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44(2): March 2018 Supplemental Content. The training manual for participating volunteers is available for brows- ing on the website of the publisher, International Society of Arboriculture (www.isa-arbor.com). The manual is also available as an electronic file (.pdf) upon individual request (editor@isa-arbor.com). LITERATURE CITED Azavea. 2017. NYC-trees GitHub repository. Accessed 16 May 2017. Bloniarz, D.V., H. Dennis, and P. Ryan III. 1996. The use of volun- teer initiatives in conducting urban forest resource inventories. Journal of Arboriculture 22(2):75–82. Conrad, C.C., and K.G. Hilchey. 2011. A review of citizen science and community-based environmental monitoring: Issues and opportunities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 176:273–291. Conrad, C.C., and T. Daoust. 2008. Community-based monitor- ing frameworks: Increasing the effectiveness of environmental stewardship. Environmental Management 41:356–358. Cozad, S., E.G. McPherson, and J.A. Harding. 2005. STRATUM Case Study Evaluation in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Ac- cessed 20 April 2017. Dickinson, J.T., J. Shirk, D. Bonter, R. Bonney, R.L. Crain, J. Martin, T. Philips, and K. Purcell. 2012. The current state of citizen sci- ence as a tool for ecological research and public engagement. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10(6):291–297. Eveleigh, A., C. Jennett, A. Blandford, P. Brohan, and A.L. Cox. 2014. Designing for dabblers and detterring drop-outs in citizen science. Accessed 09 May 2017. Ferretti, M. 2009. Quality assurance in ecological monitoring— Towards a unifying perspective. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 11:726–729. Haywood, B.K. 2016. Beyond data points and research contribu- tions: The personal meaning and value associated with public participation in scientific research. International Journal of Sci- ence Education, Part B 6(3):239–262. Houston, T.D., and R. Hiederer. 2009. Applying quality assurance procedures to environmental monitoring data: A case study. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 11:774–781. Kosmala, M., A. Wiggins, A. Swanson, and B. Simmons. 2016. Assessing data quality in citizen science. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14(10):551–560. Legg, C.J., and L. Nagy. 2006. Why most conservation monitoring is, but need not be, a waster of time. Journal of Environmental Management 78:194–199. Lu, J.W.T., E.S. Svendsen, L.K. Campbell, J. Greenfeld, J. Braden, K.L. King, and N. Falxa-Raymond. 2010. Biological, social, and urban design factors affecting young street tree mortality in New York City. Cities and the Environment 3(1):article 5. NYC Open Data. 2017. NYC Open Data Portal. Accessed 16 May 2017. NYC Parks. 2017. New York City Street Tree Map. Accessed 16 May 2017. 57 OpenTreeMap. 2017. OpenTreeMap. Accessed 16 May 2017. Östberg, J., T. Delshammar, B. Wiström, and A. Nielsen. 2012. Grading of variables for urban tree inventories by city officials, arborists, and academics using the Delphi method. Environ- mental Management 51(3):694–708. Östberg, J., T. Delshammar, and A. Nielsen. 2013. Standards for conducting tree inventories in urban environments v1.0. Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning, and Manage- ment, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences. 49 pp. Purcell, K., C. Garibat, and J.L. Dickinson. 2012. A gateway to sci- ence for all: Celebrate urban birds. In: J.L. Dickinson and R. Booney (Eds.). Citizen Science: Public Collaboration in En- vironmental Research. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, U.S. 304 pp. Roman, L., B.C. Scharenbroch, J.P.A. Östberg, L.S. Mueller, J.G. Henning, A.K. Koeser, J.R. Sanders, D.R. Betz, and R. Jordan. 2017. Data quality in citizen science urban tree inventories. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 22:124–135. Roman, L., G. McPherson, B.C. Scharenbroch, and J. Bartens. 2013. Identifying common practices and challenges for local urban tree monitoring programs across the United States. Arboricul- ture & Urban Forestry 39(6):292–299. Silva, P., E. Barry, and S. Plitt. 2013. TreeKIT: Measuring, map- ping, and collaboratively managing urban forests. Cities and the Environment (CATE) 6(1):article 3. Smith, K., K. Holmes, D. Haski-Leventhal, R.A. Cnaan, F. Handy, and J.L. Brudney. 2010. Motivations and benefits of student vol- unteering: comparing regular, occasional, and non-volunteers in five countries. Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research 1(1):65–81. Wiggins, A., G. Newman, R.D. Stevenson, and K. Crowston. 2011. Mechanisms for data quality and validation in citizen science. e-Science Workshops (eScienceW), IEEE Seventh International Conference:14–19. Wolcott, I., D. Ingwersen, M.A, Weston, and C. Tzaros. 2008. Sus- tainability of a long-term volunteer-based bird monitoring pro- gram: Recruitment, retention and attrition. Australian Journal on Volunteering 13(1):48–53. Crystal A. Crown (corresponding author) Forestry, Horticulture, and Natural Resources New York City Department of Parks & Recreation crystal.crown@parks.nyc.gov Benjamin Z. Greer Forestry, Horticulture, and Natural Resources New York City Department of Parks & Recreation Danielle M. Giſt Forestry, Horticulture, and Natural Resources New York City Department of Parks & Recreation Fiona S. Watt Forestry, Horticulture, and Natural Resources New York City Department of Parks & Recreation ©2018 International Society of Arboriculture
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