64 Johnson et al.: Why Count Trees? Volunteer Motivations and Experiences with Tree Monitoring Table 2. Demographics of TC2015 assessment respondents as compared to New York City. People Respondents (%) Gender Female persons Male persons Other Race and Hispanic Origin White Black or African American American Indian and Alaska Native Asian alone Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Two or more races Hispanic or Latino Education High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2010–2014 Bachelor’s degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2010–2014 z New York City demographic data from 2010 Census. RESULTS Response Bias Checks To check for non-response bias, early responders were identified as those responding during the first two months of the six-month assessment window (n = 103), and late responders as those respond- ing during the last two months (n = 91). No sig- nificant differences were found between early and late responders in terms of race, income, educa- tion, years in neighborhood, or years in New York City. Researchers did find differences in respon- dents’ gender (P < 0.01) and age (P < 0.05). The ratio between men and women was higher for early responders, as more men responded earlier rather than later. Researchers also found that early responders were more likely to be older than late responders. As late responders are similar to non- respondents, this suggests that the sample may underrepresent men and younger individuals, but that for other demographic variables, like race, income, education, and time in the region, the sam- ple represents the TC2015 volunteer population. Volunteer Characteristics The demographic composition of assessment re- spondents was analyzed by age, race, education, and income level. Respondents’ ages ranged from 18 to 83 (mean = 44, s.d. = 16.58). The majority of respondents were well-educated, having com- pleted university and/or received a graduate degree (Table 2), had higher rather than lower income, and were employed broadly across sectors. In com- ©2018 International Society of Arboriculture parison to New York City, respondents tended to be more female, white, and have more years of formal education. Politically, 42.8% of respon- dents identified as liberal, while 11.2% identified as middle of the road, and 2.9% as conservative. Researchers also examined volunteers’ residen- tial tenure at the neighborhood and city levels, whether they came alone or as part of a group, and whether they had prior stewardship experience. Respondents had lived in their neighborhood from two weeks to 66 years (median = five years, s.d. = 13.26), averaging 10.8 years in their neighborhood. Respondents had lived in the NYC area from two weeks to 79 years (median = 22 years, s.d. = 19.84), averaging 24 years. Participating individuals that came to organized TC2015 events predominantly attended these events alone (59.3%), although some attended with a partner (10.5%), friends and neighbors (10.1%), colleagues (8.7%), family (6.3%), and/or members of an organization (5.1%). Over half of respondents (53.2%) identified them- selves as having taken care of trees before, in one or more of the following: their yard (32.2%), on the street (30.7%), or in a park (13.6%). For most respondents, this was their first time volunteering with NYC Parks (59.6%). However, many respon- dents had volunteered with other NYC Parks vol- unteer events, including MillionTreesNYC tree plantings (13.2%), stewardship (13.2%), and Care Captain workshops (street tree stewardship work- shops, 3.6%); It’s My Park! Day events (13.3%); Natural Areas events (forest stewardship, 6.4%); and the 2005 (8.6%) and 1995 (1.9%) tree censuses. 63.3 36.7 0.01 69.4 15.2 0.8 7.7 n/a n/a 6.9 99.6 86.8 New York Cityz 52.5 47.5 n/a 44 25.5 0.7 12.7 0.1 4 28.6 80.1 35 (%)
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