Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44(2): March 2018 Table1. Variables used as a predictor of volunteer involvement in urban tree/forest management. Code Variable description variable Volt Pop Foract Cetarb Degree Totemp Contractor Adbudget Trboard Ordinance Strgplan Voltrain Treeinven Systematic Rskmgmt Outreach Treecity Percapita Community works with volunteers or partners Community population from 2010 census Community conduct any kind of shade tree/urban and community forestry activities Community has ISA Certified Arborist staff Staff has degree (two, four, or masters) Total employee Paid contractors used Budget adequate to meet current identified need Community has government authorized tree board, parks board, city department, etc. Municipality have one or more municipal ordinances that pertain to trees Community have a written strategic plan for urban forestry Volunteers receive training Community have a tree inventory Community have systematic tree care activities Community conducts tree risk management (hazard tree identification) Municipal staff provide educational presentation to city residents Community is a Tree City USA Per capita budget Percent or mean (standard deviation) 65.4% 91,871 (339,889) 86.0% 60.9% 56.5% 10.0 (16.3) 87.7% 52.5% 67.1% 91.0% 50.3% 45.2% 66.6% 45.4 (34.3) 57.3% 59.4% 73.0% 0.52 (0.50) 91 across public lands. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of respondents indicated that volunteers take part in public tree activities (Figure 1). Thus, nationally, 65% of people live in a community that engages people to volunteer in public tree management. This ranged from 52% of communities in the smallest places (2,500 to 4,999 people) to 100% of communities with one million or more people reporting such. Seventy-nine percent of commu- nities trained volunteers prior to implementing an urban forestry activity. As community size in- creased, the commonality of training increased from approximately 50% in the smallest population groups (2,500 to 9,999 people) to 100% in places with 500,000 or more people (data not shown). Tree planting was the most common activity that involved volunteers and partner organiza- tions in 85% of reporting communities (Figure 1). Population groups were similar with most exceed- ing 80% inclusion of volunteers for tree planting in their communities. Watering trees was reported for 40% of communities, with most population groups between 30% and 44% inclusion. Tree pruning occurred in 28% of communities, varying among population groups with no discernable trend. Pest management and tree removal were uncommon with just 3% and 9% of communities, respectively. Interestingly, 35% of places in the smallest popu- lation group (2,500 to 4,999 people) indicated volunteer involvement with tree removal, with no responding community of 500,000 or more peo- ple using volunteers to assist with tree removal. Volunteers also provide service through aware- ness and education programs (39%), fundraising (20%), and management and policy development (18%). There were no discernible differences among population groups (data not shown). A variety of organizations informally part- ner and help communities to carry out tree care activities (Figure 2). Individual residents involved in an organized tree care or management activ- ity were most common in 60% of reporting com- munities. Organized groups that were commonly involved include school groups or youth organi- zations, such as 4-H and scouting organizations (55%), nonprofit groups (50%), and neighbor- hood associations (44%). Service of volunteers through tree-related governance groups involved park/tree boards (48%), city council/village boards (37%), and beatification committees (28%). The number of people and amount of time that volunteers provided communities is displayed in Table 2. On average, 205.0 people are annu- ally involved with a municipality in a volunteer ©2018 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2018
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