Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44(2): March 2018 mated mean of 852.3 (174.3 SEM) hours of vol- unteer time occurring in a community (Table 2). This increased from a few hundred hours on aver- age per small communities to several thousand hours in larger communities (F = 10.321; df = 8, 194; P < 0.0001). Expressing volunteerism on a mean time per person basis, 9.82 hours (1.38 SEM) per person occurred. There was no difference in time per person among population groups (F = 1.528; df = 8, 191; P = 0.15). People volunteered an estimated 1,484,204 (665,460 SEM) hours with municipal tree activities. Stated another way, 93 these volunteered hours equate to 714 (320 SEM) full-time equivalents (2,080 hour-base year). Communities that incorporated volunteers into their urban forestry activities ranked higher with a sustainability index (F = 13.952; df = 1, 447; P < 0.001) than locations not involving vol- unteers (Table 3). The composite score for com- munities with volunteers scored 46.1 (0.43 SEM) compared to 42.7 (0.50 SEM) in locations not using volunteers. The community framework component had the strongest difference (F = 17.652; df = 1, 447; P < 0.0001), scoring 16.4 (0.23 Figure 2. Organizations that help communities to carry out tree care or management (n = 317). Table 2. Mean number of volunteers and volunteer hours along with standard error of the mean (SEM) for different popu- lation groups and geographic regions that were ascertained for information related to urban trees/forest management activities in the United States. Classification Total, all cities Population Group 2,500 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 10,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 to 249,999 250,000 to 499,000 500,000 to 999,999 1,000,000 + Geographic Region Midwest Northeast South West Sample size Mean number Mean time Mean time per (n) of people (#) 216 16 11 14 52 65 41 11 4 2 77 29 46 64 205.0 34.2 31.0 37.6 211.5 119.1 251.9 324.1 525.5 4068.5 60.9 325.1 149.0 364.2 all people (hours) 852.3 270.4 158.7 158.3 368.4 631.5 1089.7 3087.2 2606.8 12,538 378.5 1508.6 1052.6 971.4 9.82 26.16 6.99 8.42 9.48 9.14 7.40 8.03 3.71 4.76 8.42 20.75 8.61 7.45 person (hours) SEM of number of people (#) 56.1 18.2 14.6 15.0 151.7 52.8 64.6 166.7 311.3 3879.5 13.7 272.8 51.4 136.7 SEM of time all people (hours) 174.3 124.5 71.9 69.1 139.3 209.0 243.0 1830.2 1227.2 11,306 108.7 907.4 467.5 227.4 SEM of time per person (hours) 1.38 13.17 1.38 3.02 2.11 2.22 1.89 3.72 0.51 1.76 1.40 8.45 1.98 1.32 ©2018 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2018
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