Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 44(2): March 2018 systems: Urban ecological systems present multiple challenges to ecologists—Pervasive human impact and extreme heteroge- neity of cities, and the need to integrate social and ecological approaches, concepts, and theory. BioScience 50(7):571–584. Accessed October 18, 2017. Johnson, M.F., C. Hannah, L. Acton, R. Popovici, K.K. Karanth, and E. Weinthal. 2014. Network environmentalism: Citizen scien- tists as agents for environmental advocacy. Global Environmen- tal Change 29:235–245. Jonnes, J. 2016. Urban Forests: A Natural History of Trees and Peo- ple in the American Cityscape. Viking, New York, New York, U.S. 394 pp. Karel, P., P. Pyšek, and M. Bastl. 2001. Spontaneous vegetation suc- cession in human-disturbed habitats: A pattern across seres. Applied Vegetation Science 4:83–88. Kim, G., P.A. Miller, and D.J. Nowak. 2015. Assessing urban vacant land ecosystem services: Urban vacant land as green infrastruc- ture in the City of Roanoke, Virginia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14(3):519–526. Krasny, M.E., and K.G. Tidball. 2009. Community gardens as con- texts for science, stewardship, and civic action learning. Cities and the Environment 2(1):article 8. Kühn, N. 2006. Intentions for the unintentional: Spontaneous vege- tation as the basis for innovative planting design in urban areas. Journal of Landscape Architecture 1(2):46–53. Lachmund, J. 2003. Exploring the city of rubble: Botanical field- work in bombed cities in Germany aſter World War II. Osiris 18:234–254. Martin, D.G. 2003. “Place-framing” as place-making: Constituting a neighborhood for organizing and activism. Annals of the As- sociation of American Geographers 93(3):730–750. Measham, T.G., and G.B. Barnett. 2008. Environmental volunteer- ing: Motivations, modes, and outcomes. Australian Geographer 39(4):537–552. Miller-Rushing, A., R. 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Vacant lots as a habitat resource: Nesting success and body condition of songbirds. Eco- sphere 7(11):e01578. Rega-Brodsky, C.C., and C.H. Nilon. 2017. Forest cover is impor- tant across multiple scales for bird communities in vacant lots. Urban Ecosystems 20(3):561–571. 127 Robinson, S.A., and J.T. Lundholm. 2012. Ecosystem services pro- vided by urban spontaneous vegetation. Urban Ecosystems 15:545–557. Rotman, D., J. Preece, J. Hammock, K. Procita, D. Hansen, C. Parr, D. Lewis, and D. Jacobs. 2012. Dynamic changes in motivation in collaborative citizen-science projects. pp. 217–226. In: Pro- ceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer supported cooperative work. Shirk, J.L., H.L. Ballard, C.C. Wilderman, T. Phillips, A. Wiggins, R. Jordan, and E. McCallie, et al. 2012. Public participation in scientific research: A framework for deliberate design. Ecology and Society 17(2):29–48. Silva, P., and M.E. Krasny. 2014. Parsing participation: Models of engagement for outcomes monitoring in urban stewardship. Local Environment 0(0):1–9. Swanson, M.E., J.F. Franklin, R.L. Beschsta, C.M. Crisafulli, D.A. DellaSala, R.L. Hutto, and D.B. Lindenhaver, et al. 2010. The forgotten state of forest succession: Early-successional ecosys- tems on forest sites. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9:117–125. Yin, R.K. 2009. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, U.S. 219 pp. Georgia Silvera Seamans, PhD. georgia@localecology.org Résumé. Les modèles contemporains de participation du public à la recherche scientifique en zones urbaines ont reçu peu d'atten- tion de la part des chercheurs spécialisés. Cet article décrit les pro- cessus de recherche et les résultats de quatre projets collégiaux de science citoyenne sur la végétation urbaine spontanée. Les projets collégiaux initiés par des artistes et des concepteurs de cette étude utilisent diverses stratégies d'art, de design et d'histoire naturelle pour rassembler et analyser les données, de même que pour vi- sualiser et faire la propagation des résultats. En plus des résultats physiques, les chefs des projets utilisent des récits légitimateurs et des dissertations sur les services écosystémiques urbains pour contrer les allégations négatives concernant la végétation spontanée urbaine, souvent qualifiée à tort de « mauvaises herbes ». Le défi et l'opportunité des projets visant à changer les préjugés normatifs contre les prétendues « mauvaises herbes » favorise l'intégration d'une nouvelle éthique de la nature pour ce type de flore urbaine. Zusammenfassung. Zeitgenössische Modelle von öffentlicher Beteiligung an wissenschaſtlicher Forschung in urbanen Regionen haben nur eine begrenzte wissenschaſtliche Aufmerksamkeit. Diese Studie dokumentiert den Forschungsfortschritte und die Ergeb- nisse aus vier kollegialen bürgerwissenschaſtlichen Projekten über die spontane urbane Vegetation. Die künstlerisch und designer- initiierten kollegialen Projekte in dieser Studie nutzen eine Vielfalt von Kunst, Design und natürlichen historischen Strategien zum Sammeln und Analysieren von Daten, ebenso wie die Visualisie- rung und Verbreitung ihrer Ergebnisse. Zusätzlich zum physischen Auskommen nutzen die Projektleiter legitimierende Narrative und Diskurse über urbane Ökosystemleistungen, um negativen Bemer- kungen über spontane urbane Vegetation, die oſt geringschätzig als „Unkraut“ bezeichnet wird, entgegen zu treten. Eine Herausforde- rung und eine Gelegenheit für Projekte, die auf einer Änderung des normativen Bias gegenüber so genannten „Unkräutern“ fokussie- ren, ist die Verbreitung einer neuen Naturethik für diesen Typ von urbaner Flora. ©2018 International Society of Arboriculture
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