292 O'Herrin et al.: Homebuilder Practices and Perceptions on Wooded Lots Table 4. Percent of builders rating a tree species as either short-lived (SL) or long-lived (LL) (and the percentage respond- ing correctly in 1980 (n = 16) and 2008 (n = 27). Longevity of species (# of response in 2008) Tree speciesz Aspen (S) Cottonwood (S) Jack pine (S) Red (Norway) pine (L) White pine (L) Red oak (L) Pin oak (S) Silver maple (S) Boxelder (S) Sugar maple (L) White (paper) birch (S) Blue spruce (L) Basswood (S) Red maple (L) Burr oak (L) Means (all species) Michx.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and basswood (Tilia americana L.). y years as long lived (LL). x w Significant at a ≤ 0.05 significance level. Silvics ranky SL SL SL LL LL LL SL SL SL LL SL LL SL LL LL Short 23 17 23 12 3 1 9 9 14 4 24 12 19 5 4 Long 3 8 3 15 24 26 16 16 10 23 2 13 6 21 22 Total 26 25 26 27 27 27 25 25 24 27 26 25 25 26 26 Percent correct 1980 62.5 50.0 50.0 31.3 43.8 62.5 43.8 31.3 56.3 31.3 68.8 37.5 37.5 62.5 56.3 48.4 2008 88.5 68.0 88.5 55.6 88.9 96.3 36.0 36.0 58.3 85.2 92.3 52.0 76.0 80.8 84.6 72.5 Difference 26.0x 18.0 38.5w 24.3 45.1w 33.8w -7.8 4.7 2.0 53.9w 23.5x 14.5 38.5w 18.3 28.3x 24.1w P-value 0.063 0.330 0.011 0.206 0.004 0.007 0.746 0.746 1.000 0.001 0.085 0.522 0.022 0.281 0.070 0.0001 z Boxelder (Acer negundo L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), white (paper) birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red (Norway) pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), cottonwood (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex. Marshall), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill), burr oak (Quercus macrocarpa From USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654 (1990): SL = short lived, LL = long lived; species living <150 years classified as short lived (SL) and ≥150 Significant at a ≤ 0.10 significance level. Table 5. Percent of builders rating a tree species for shade tolerance as either poor (P) or good (G) and the percentage responding correctly in 1980 (n = 16) and 2008 (n = 27). Tolerance of species (# of response in 2008) Tree speciesz Aspen (P) Cottonwood (P) Jack pine (P) Red (Norway) pine (P) White pine (G) Red oak (G) Pin oak (P) Silver maple (G) Boxelder (G) Sugar maple (G) White (paper) birch (P) Blue spruce (G) Basswood (G) Red maple (G) Burr oak (G) Means (all species) Michx.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and basswood (Tilia americana L.). y w Significant at a ≤ 0.05 significance level. Silvics ranky VI VI IT IT IN IN IT IN TO VT IT IN TO TO IN Poor 17 12 12 15 13 16 15 11 9 11 13 12 12 11 8 Good 6 9 9 8 10 7 7 10 12 12 9 10 9 11 13 Total 23 21 21 23 23 23 22 21 21 23 22 22 21 22 21 Percent correct 1980 37.5 31.3 31.3 37.5 37.5 50.0 31.3 25.0 18.8 43.8 37.5 37.5 31.3 50.0 18.8 34.6 2008 73.9 57.1 57.1 65.2 43.5 30.4 68.2 52.4 42.9 52.2 59.1 45.5 42.9 50.0 61.9 53.5 Difference 36.4w 25.8 25.8 27.7 6.0 -19.6 36.9w 27.4 24.1w 8.4 21.6 8.0 11.6 0.0 43.1w 18.9w P-value 0.046 0.185 0.185 0.112 0.752 0.318 0.047 0.191 0.041 0.748 0.325 0.744 0.515 1.000 0.018 0.0001 z Boxelder (Acer negundo L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), white (paper) birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red (Norway) pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), cottonwood (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex. Marshall), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill), burr oak (Quercus macrocarpa with VI and IT ranking are considered poor tolerance (P) and species with IN, TO, or VT ranking are considered good tolerance (G). x From USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654 (1990): VI = Very Intolerant, IT = Intolerant, IN = Intermediate, TO = Tolerant, VT = Very Tolerant; species Significant at a ≤ 0.10 significance level. ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture
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